linux fdisk 数据盘,Linux系列之fdisk 分区挂盘

2019/3/28 星期四

Linux系列之fdisk 分区挂盘

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# df -Th

Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 47G 8.3G 39G 18% /

devtmpfs devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev

tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 8.9M 3.9G 1% /run

tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 173M 842M 18% /boot

tmpfs tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/0

我们的根目录分配了50G 比较少，我们挂一个/data 盘分给100G

//现在虚拟机上，挂载硬盘上去

具体操作如下

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x7f7d07a7

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000e6745

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 2099200 104857599 51379200 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 50.5 GB, 50457477120 bytes, 98549760 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb //我们来给/dev/sdb 分区

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition *(删除一个分区)

l list known partition types (和ls -l的意思一样的 列出分区的类型)

m print this menu *(打印菜单 就是查看帮助)

n add a new partition *(new 创建一个分区)

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table *(print打印分区表)

q quit without saving changes *(quit 退出不保存)

s create a new empty Sun disklabel (创建一个新的空的sun )

t change a partition's system id *(改变一个分区的系统id)

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit *(保存并退出)

x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x7f7d07a7

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

e extended 扩展分区

p primary partition (1-4) 主分区

接下来选择p

Partition number (1-4): 1 第一块分区的名字

First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048): 这里直接回车表示默认从2048扇区开始

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): //直接回车把所有的都给1

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x7f7d07a7

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 2048 209715199 104856576 83 Linux

Command (m for help): w //保存退出

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb (这里命令是告诉linux内核，我们修改了你的分区表)

partprobe - inform the OS of partition table changes

通知操作系统分区表的变化，不执行这个命令就需要重新启动操作系统 ，执行了这个命令就不需要了。

在centos6.5系统中[root@hdfs-node02-90-149--22 /etc/yum.repos.d]# partprobe /dev/sdb

-bash: partprobe: command not found

解决方法：参考链接为：https://blog.51cto.com/tonychiu/326592

[root@server1 ~]# partprobe

-bash: partprobe: command not found

[root@server1 ~]# yum -y install parted

[root@server1 ~]# partprobe

分区好了，接下来就是格式化

接下来格式化，创建文件系统。

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# mkfs

mkfs mkfs.btrfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkfs.xfs

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1

这里命令就是可视化，指定文件系统的类型为xfs

...

...

...

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# tune2fs -c -1 /dev/sdb1 (不让他检查的意思)

[root@linux6 ~]# df -Th

Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3 ext4 7.1G 1.6G 5.1G 25% /

tmpfs tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 ext4 194M 29M 155M 16% /boot

[root@linux6 /]# cd mnt/

[root@linux6 mnt]# ll

total 0

[root@linux6 mnt]# mkdir data1 (创建挂载点)

[root@linux6 mnt]# ll

total 4

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 2017-12-21 15:53 data1

[root@linux6 mnt]# cd ~

[root@linux6 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/data1/ (挂载上去)

[root@linux6 ~]# df -Th

Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3 ext4 7.1G 1.6G 5.1G 25% /

tmpfs tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 ext4 194M 29M 155M 16% /boot

/dev/sdb1 ext4 16M 1.2M 14M 8% /mnt/data1

[root@linux6 ~]# cd /mnt/data1/

[root@linux6 data1]# touch majihui.txt

[root@linux6 data1]# echo "i love datcent" > majihui.txt

[root@linux6 data1]# cat majihui.txt

i love datcent

上面的这个挂载情况，重启服务器之后，就没有了

我们接下里用

挂载可以用设备也可以用uuid 要想让他开机自挂起磁盘的话，就需要在/etc/fstab 上去添加

一般情况下：不用uuid的方法

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# vim /etc/fstab

#

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Wed Jan 16 18:21:38 2019

#

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

#

/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults,noatime 0 0

UUID=94663c29-d395-4cd0-8cac-1f0d6dea8969 /boot xfs defaults 0 0

/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0

/dev/sdb1 /data xfs defaults,noatime 0 0

然后重启就好了

[root@hadoop04-184 ~]# df -Th

Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 47G 8.3G 39G 18% /

devtmpfs devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev

tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 8.9M 3.9G 1% /run

tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 173M 842M 18% /boot

/dev/sdb1 xfs 100G 1.3G 99G 2% /data

tmpfs tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/0

cm_processes tmpfs 3.9G 1.4M 3.9G 1% /run/cloudera-scm-agent/process