python查找指定字符所在行号_python中获取当前位置所在的行号和函数名(转)

http://www.vimer.cn/2010/12/%E5%9C%A8python%E4%B8%AD%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%BD%93%E5%89%8D%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%89%80%E5%9C%A8%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%B7%E5%92%8C%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%90%8D.html

对于python，这几天一直有两个问题在困扰我:

1.python中没办法直接取得当前的行号和函数名。这是有人在论坛里提出的问题，底下一群人只是在猜测python为什么不像__file__一样提供__line__和__func__，但是却最终也没有找到解决方案。

2.如果一个函数在不知道自己名字的情况下，怎么才能递归调用自己。这是我一个同事问我的，其实也是获取函数名，但是当时也是回答不出来。

但是今晚！所有的问题都有了答案。一切还要从我用python的logging模块说起，logging中的format中是有如下选项的:

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%(name)s            Name of the logger (logging channel)

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%(levelno)s         Numeric logging levelforthe message (DEBUG, INFO,

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WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)

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%(levelname)s       Text logging levelforthe message ("DEBUG","INFO",

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"WARNING","ERROR","CRITICAL")

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%(pathname)s        Full pathname of the sourcefilewhere the logging

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call was issued (ifavailable)

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%(filename)s        Filename portion of pathname

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%(module)s          Module (name portion of filename)

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%(lineno)d          Source line number where the logging call was issued

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(ifavailable)

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%(funcName)s        Function name

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%(created)f         Time when the LogRecord was created (time.time()

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returnvalue)

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%(asctime)s         Textual time when the LogRecord was created

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%(msecs)d           Millisecond portion of the creation time

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%(relativeCreated)d Timeinmilliseconds when the LogRecord was created,

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relative to the time the logging module was loaded

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(typically at application startup time)

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%(thread)d          ThreadID(ifavailable)

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%(threadName)s      Thread name (ifavailable)

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%(process)d         ProcessID(ifavailable)

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%(message)s         The result of record.getMessage(), computed just as

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the recordisemitted

也就是说，logging是能够获取到调用者的行号和函数名的，那会不会也可以获取到自己的行号和函数名呢？我们来看一下源码，主要部分如下:

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defcurrentframe():

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"""Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""

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try:

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raiseException

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except:

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returnsys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back

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deffindCaller(self):

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"""

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Find the stack frame of the caller so that we can note the source

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file name, line number and function name.

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"""

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f=currentframe()

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#On some versions of IronPython, currentframe() returns None if

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#IronPython isn't run with -X:Frames.

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iffisnotNone:

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f=f.f_back

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rv="(unknown file)",0,"(unknown function)"

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whilehasattr(f,"f_code"):

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co=f.f_code

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filename=os.path.normcase(co.co_filename)

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iffilename==_srcfile:

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f=f.f_back

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continue

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rv=(co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)

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break

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returnrv

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def_log(self, level, msg, args, exc_info=None, extra=None):

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"""

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Low-level logging routine which creates a LogRecord and then calls

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all the handlers of this logger to handle the record.

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"""

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if_srcfile:

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#IronPython doesn't track Python frames, so findCaller throws an

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#exception on some versions of IronPython. We trap it here so that

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#IronPython can use logging.

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try:

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fn, lno, func=self.findCaller()

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exceptValueError:

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fn, lno, func="(unknown file)",0,"(unknown function)"

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else:

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fn, lno, func="(unknown file)",0,"(unknown function)"

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ifexc_info:

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ifnotisinstance(exc_info,tuple):

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exc_info=sys.exc_info()

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record=self.makeRecord(self.name, level, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info, func, extra)

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self.handle(record)

我简单解释一下，实际上是通过在currentframe函数中抛出一个异常，然后通过向上查找的方式，找到调用的信息。其中

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rv=(co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)

的三个值分别为文件名，行号，函数名。(可以去http://docs.python.org/library/sys.html来看一下代码中几个系统函数的说明)OK，如果已经看懂了源码，那获取当前位置的行号和函数名相信也非常清楚了，代码如下:

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#!/usr/bin/python

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

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'''

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#=============================================================================

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#  Author:          dantezhu - http://www.vimer.cn

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#  Email:           zny2008@gmail.com

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#  FileName:        xf.py

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#  Description:     获取当前位置的行号和函数名

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#  Version:         1.0

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#  LastChange:      2010-12-17 01:19:19

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#  History:

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#=============================================================================

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'''

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importsys

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defget_cur_info():

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"""Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""

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try:

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raiseException

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except:

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f=sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back

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return(f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)

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defcallfunc():

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printget_cur_info()

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if__name__=='__main__':

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callfunc()

输入结果是:

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('callfunc',24)

符合预期~~哈哈，OK！现在应该不用再抱怨取不到行号和函数名了吧~

=============================================================================后来发现，其实也可以有更简单的方法，如下:

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importsys

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defget_cur_info():

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printsys._getframe().f_code.co_name

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printsys._getframe().f_back.f_code.co_name

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get_cur_info()

================================================================================

另外,利用python的 inspect 模块中的getframeinfo也可以得到.

inspect.getframeinfo(frame[,context])Get information about a frame or traceback object. A 5-tuple is returned, the last five elements of the frame’s frame record.

Changed in version 2.6:Returns anamed tupleTraceback(filename,lineno,function,code_context,index).