postgis启动_PostgreSQL几种启动方式测试

参考：

https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/server-start.html#SERVER-START-FAILURES

https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/reference-server.html

总结：

1、前台启动 postgres或者postmaster

2、后台启动 pg_ctl

先来说一说，何谓前台启动，可以从以下的演示看出，单纯的使用postgres命令启动数据库，当前会话终止或者断开后数据库就会自动关闭。

[postgresql@tidb63 ~]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres2020-08-19 17:00:13.393 CST [122585] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432

2020-08-19 17:00:13.393 CST [122585] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432

2020-08-19 17:00:13.394 CST [122585] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"

2020-08-19 17:00:13.406 CST [122586] LOG: database system was shut down at 2020-08-19 16:59:12CST2020-08-19 17:00:13.412 CST [122585] LOG: database system isready to accept connections^C2020-08-19 17:00:32.767 CST [122585] LOG: received fast shutdown request2020-08-19 17:00:32.767 CST [122585] LOG: aborting any active transactions2020-08-19 17:00:32.767 CST [122585] LOG: background worker "logical replication launcher" (PID 122593) exited with exit code 1

2020-08-19 17:00:32.767 CST [122587] LOG: shutting down2020-08-19 17:00:32.826 CST [122585] LOG: database system isshut down

[postgresql@tidb63~]$

所以，如果要使用postgres命令启动PostgreSQL实例，需要放在使用"&" 放在后台执行。

[postgresql@tidb63 ~]$ nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D $PGDATA &[1] 130040[postgresql@tidb63~]$ nohup: 忽略输入并把输出追加到"nohup.out"[postgresql@tidb63~]$ ps -ef | grep postgres | egrep -v 'grep|su'postgre+ 130040 90407 0 17:20 pts/4 00:00:00 /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /home/jm/pg118/pg5432/data

postgre+ 130042 130040 0 17:20 ? 00:00:00postgres: checkpointer

postgre+ 130043 130040 0 17:20 ? 00:00:00postgres: background writer

postgre+ 130044 130040 0 17:20 ? 00:00:00postgres: walwriter

postgre+ 130045 130040 0 17:20 ? 00:00:00postgres: autovacuum launcher

postgre+ 130046 130040 0 17:20 ? 00:00:00postgres: archiver

postgre+ 130047 130040 0 17:20 ? 00:00:00postgres: stats collector

postgre+ 130048 130040 0 17:20 ? 00:00:00postgres: logical replication launcher

[postgresql@tidb63~]$ pg_ctl stop -D $PGDATA -m fast

waitingforserver to shut down.... done

server stopped

[1]+ 完成 nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D $PGDATA

从以上可以看出前台命令启动的pg,仍然可以使用pg_ctl命令进行关闭。

可以看出postmaster其实是postgres的一个软链接。

[postgresql@tidb63 bin]$ pwd/usr/local/pgsql/bin

[postgresql@tidb63 bin]$ ls-l post*

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7931144 7月 28 16:37postgres

lrwxrwxrwx.1 root root 8 7月 28 16:37 postmaster ->postgres

[postgresql@tidb63 bin]$ cd

[postgresql@tidb63~]$ nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D $PGDATA &[1] 131283[postgresql@tidb63~]$ nohup: 忽略输入并把输出追加到"nohup.out"[postgresql@tidb63~]$ ps -ef | grep postgres | egrep -v 'grep|su'postgre+ 131285 131283 0 17:24 ? 00:00:00postgres: checkpointer

postgre+ 131286 131283 0 17:24 ? 00:00:00postgres: background writer

postgre+ 131287 131283 0 17:24 ? 00:00:00postgres: walwriter

postgre+ 131288 131283 0 17:24 ? 00:00:00postgres: autovacuum launcher

postgre+ 131289 131283 0 17:24 ? 00:00:00postgres: archiver

postgre+ 131290 131283 0 17:24 ? 00:00:00postgres: stats collector

postgre+ 131291 131283 0 17:24 ? 00:00:00postgres: logical replication launcher

[postgresql@tidb63~]$ pg_ctl stop -D $PGDATA -m fast

waitingforserver to shut down.... done

server stopped

[1]+ 完成 nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D $PGDATA

[postgresql@tidb63~]$ [postgresql@tidb63 ~]$ nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D $PGDATA &[1] 131283[postgresql@tidb63~]$ nohup: 忽略输入并把输出追加到"nohup.out"

配置systemd服务启停

[root@tidb63 system]# pwd/usr/lib/systemd/system

[root@tidb63 system]# cat pg118.service

[Unit]

Description=PostgreSQL 11.8database server

[Service]

Type=forkingUser=postgresql

ExecStart=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start -D /home/jm/pg118/pg5432/data -l /tmp/logfile

ExecStop=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl stop -D /home/jm/pg118/pg5432/data -l /tmp/logfile

TimeoutSec=0[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

说明：官方文档中提到，Using Type=notify requires that the server binary was built with configure --with-systemd.

测试的时候，如果使用的是pg_ctl后台启动，编译的时候并没有指定---with-systemd，也是可以用服务进行管理的，注意需要安装：systemd-devel.x86_64

[postgresql@tidb63 ~]$ pg_config --configure'--prefix=/usr/local/pgsql' '--with-pgport=5432'[postgresql@tidb63~]$

[root@tidb63 system]# systemctl daemon-reload

[root@tidb63 system]# systemctl start pg118.service

[root@tidb63 system]# systemctl status pg118.service

● pg118.service- PostgreSQL 11.8database server

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/pg118.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: active (running) since 四2020-08-20 13:41:06CST; 1s ago

Process:148181 ExecStart=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start -D /home/jm/pg118/pg5432/data -l /tmp/logfile (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID:148183(postgres)

Tasks:8Memory:13.4MCGroup:/system.slice/pg118.service

├─148183 /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /home/jm/pg118/pg5432/data

├─148185postgres: checkpointer

├─148186postgres: background writer

├─148187postgres: walwriter

├─148188postgres: autovacuum launcher

├─148189postgres: archiver

├─148190postgres: stats collector

└─148191postgres: logical replication launcher

8月20 13:41:06 tidb63.com systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 11.8database server...

8月20 13:41:06 tidb63.com systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 11.8database server.

[root@tidb63 system]#

[root@tidb63 system]# systemctl stop pg118.service

[root@tidb63 system]# systemctl status pg118.service

● pg118.service- PostgreSQL 11.8database server

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/pg118.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: inactive (dead)

8月20 11:58:01 tidb63.com pg_ctl[117065]: 2020-08-20 11:58:01.449 CST [117067] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"8月20 11:58:01 tidb63.com pg_ctl[117065]: 2020-08-20 11:58:01.464 CST [117068] LOG: database system was shut down at 2020...46CST

8月20 11:58:01 tidb63.com pg_ctl[117065]: 2020-08-20 11:58:01.466 CST [117067] LOG: database system isready to accept connections

8月20 11:58:01 tidb63.com systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 11.8database server.

8月20 13:40:39 tidb63.com systemd[1]: Stopping PostgreSQL 11.8database server...

8月20 13:40:39 tidb63.com systemd[1]: Stopped PostgreSQL 11.8database server.

8月20 13:41:06 tidb63.com systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 11.8database server...

8月20 13:41:06 tidb63.com systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 11.8database server.

8月20 13:41:30 tidb63.com systemd[1]: Stopping PostgreSQL 11.8database server...

8月20 13:41:30 tidb63.com systemd[1]: Stopped PostgreSQL 11.8database server.

Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use-l to show infull.

[root@tidb63 system]#

如果使用systemctl服务器启动了数据库，之后又在postgresql用户下使用pg_ctl关闭实例，再查看服务状态会出现异常。

[root@tidb63 system]# systemctl status pg118.service

● pg118.service- PostgreSQL 11.8database server

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/pg118.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since 四 2020-08-20 13:44:18CST; 7s ago

Process:149196 ExecStop=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl stop -D /home/jm/pg118/pg5432/data -l /tmp/logfile (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Process:148969 ExecStart=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start -D /home/jm/pg118/pg5432/data -l /tmp/logfile (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID:148971 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

8月20 13:43:42 tidb63.com systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 11.8database server...

8月20 13:43:42 tidb63.com systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 11.8database server.

8月20 13:44:18 tidb63.com systemd[1]: pg118.service: control process exited, code=exited status=18月20 13:44:18 tidb63.com systemd[1]: Unit pg118.service entered failed state.

8月20 13:44:18 tidb63.com systemd[1]: pg118.service failed.

[root@tidb63 system]#

所以，启停pg，全部使用systemctl服务，或者全部使用pg_ctl/postgres/postmaster，不要混用。