java 自定义正则表达式_JAVA做自定义正则替换

JAVA的正则替换用String类里的repalceAll方法就可以实现，但是这个方法有一个不小的缺陷，只能把正则查找出来的内容用同一段内容替换。现在我们要利用appendReplacement写一个以查找内容为参数进行自定义替换内容的方法。

先写代码，再解释。

1.1. 建立抽象类package util.extregex;

import java.util.regex.Matcher;

import java.util.regex.Pattern;

/**

* 扩展替换抽象类

* @author wjh

*

*/

public abstract class AbstractExtReplace {

private String regexstr = "";

/**

* 处理查找出来的数据

* @param word 输入数据

* @return 输出处理后的结果

*/

protected abstract String treateWord(String word);

/**

* 继承方法里可以设置正则表达式

* @param regexstr

*/

protected void setRegexstr(String regexstr){

this.regexstr = regexstr;

}

/**

* 替换

* @param input 输入内容

* @return

*/

public String extReplace(String input){

return extReplace(regexstr, input, false);

}

/**

* 替换

* @param input 输入内容

* @param useGroupName 是否用到groupname 默认false

* @return

*/

public String extReplace(String input, Boolean useGroupName){

useGroupName = (useGroupName == null)?false:useGroupName;

return extReplace(regexstr, input, useGroupName);

}

/**

* 核心方法，正则替换

* @param regex 输入正则表达式

* @param input 输入查找原始内容

* @param useGroupName 是否用到groupname

* @return 返回替换后结果

*/

protected String extReplace(String regexstr, String input, Boolean useGroupName){

Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regexstr);

Matcher m = p.matcher(input);

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

while (m.find()) {

String replacement = treateWord(m.group());

if(!useGroupName){

// 不用groupname的话这里需转义

replacement = replacement.replace("\", "\\").replace("$", "\$");

}

m.appendReplacement(sb, replacement);

}

m.appendTail(sb);

return sb.toString();

}

}

1.2. 举例实现

继承自AbstractExtReplace，可实现自定义替换package util.extregex;

/**

* 本类是将字符串中的大写字母转换为下划线加小写字母的形式 eg. myName 转为 my_name

* @author wjh

*

*/

public class LowerMethExtReplace extends AbstractExtReplace {

/**

* 将字符串中的大写字母转换为下划线加小写字母的形式 eg. myName 转为 my_name

*/

public LowerMethExtReplace() {

setRegexstr("[A-Z]");

}

@Override

protected String treateWord(String word) {

return "_" + word.toLowerCase();

}

}

1.3. 测试package main;

import util.extregex.LowerMethExtReplace;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

AbstractExtReplace lowerMeth = new LowerMethExtReplace();

String result = lowerMeth.extReplace("userName myValue");

System.out.println(result);

// 输出 user_name my_vamlue

}

}

2. 说明

我们可以先看一下java的源码

String的replaceall方法：public String replaceAll(String regex, String replacement) {

return Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(this).replaceAll(replacement);

}

可以看出String内用的replaceall就是用的Matcher中的replaceall

Matcher中的replaceall：public String replaceAll(String replacement) {

reset();

boolean result = find();

if (result) {

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

do {

appendReplacement(sb, replacement);

result = find();

} while (result);

appendTail(sb);

return sb.toString();

}

return text.toString();

}

本文上面的方法其实就是扩展自这个方法。原方法中每次循环都默认赋值replacement，我们只需要把每次的赋值改成我们需要的即可，而正则查出的内容又都在matcher中，我们只需要把matcher中的数据作为appendReplacement的参数即可。

可以大概过一下appendReplacement方法。中间大部分的都是在处理groupname，等会儿会在后面写几个示例：public Matcher appendReplacement(StringBuffer sb, String replacement) {

// If no match, return error

if (first < 0)

throw new IllegalStateException("No match available");

// Process substitution string to replace group references with groups

int cursor = 0;

StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();

while (cursor < replacement.length()) {

char nextChar = replacement.charAt(cursor);

if (nextChar == '\') {

cursor++;

if (cursor == replacement.length())

throw new IllegalArgumentException(

"character to be escaped is missing");

nextChar = replacement.charAt(cursor);

result.append(nextChar);

cursor++;

} else if (nextChar == '$') {

// Skip past $

cursor++;

// Throw IAE if this "$" is the last character in replacement

if (cursor == replacement.length())

throw new IllegalArgumentException(

"Illegal group reference: group index is missing");

nextChar = replacement.charAt(cursor);

int refNum = -1;

if (nextChar == '{') {

cursor++;

StringBuilder gsb = new StringBuilder();

while (cursor < replacement.length()) {

nextChar = replacement.charAt(cursor);

if (ASCII.isLower(nextChar) ||

ASCII.isUpper(nextChar) ||

ASCII.isDigit(nextChar)) {

gsb.append(nextChar);

cursor++;

} else {

break;

}

}

if (gsb.length() == 0)

throw new IllegalArgumentException(

"named capturing group has 0 length name");

if (nextChar != '}')

throw new IllegalArgumentException(

"named capturing group is missing trailing '}'");

String gname = gsb.toString();

if (ASCII.isDigit(gname.charAt(0)))

throw new IllegalArgumentException(

"capturing group name {" + gname +

"} starts with digit character");

if (!parentPattern.namedGroups().containsKey(gname))

throw new IllegalArgumentException(

"No group with name {" + gname + "}");

refNum = parentPattern.namedGroups().get(gname);

cursor++;

} else {

// The first number is always a group

refNum = (int)nextChar - '0';

if ((refNum < 0)||(refNum > 9))

throw new IllegalArgumentException(

"Illegal group reference");

cursor++;

// Capture the largest legal group string

boolean done = false;

while (!done) {

if (cursor >= replacement.length()) {

break;

}

int nextDigit = replacement.charAt(cursor) - '0';

if ((nextDigit < 0)||(nextDigit > 9)) { // not a number

break;

}

int newRefNum = (refNum * 10) + nextDigit;

if (groupCount() < newRefNum) {

done = true;

} else {

refNum = newRefNum;

cursor++;

}

}

}

// Append group

if (start(refNum) != -1 && end(refNum) != -1)

result.append(text, start(refNum), end(refNum));

} else {

result.append(nextChar);

cursor++;

}

}

// Append the intervening text

sb.append(text, lastAppendPosition, first);

// Append the match substitution

sb.append(result);

lastAppendPosition = last;

return this;

}

我们可以看到java对groupname做了一些处理，如有$字符或字符的话需要转义，这也是我在封装抽象类时添加了一个useGroupname参数的原因。这里的转义很有意思，共进行了2次转义。java中一次，替换时一次，也就是说如果准备替换成的字符串有两个反斜杠，那转义后就应该是4个反斜杠，如果写成String字符串明文表示的话还得进行一次转义，一共得写8个。

这里的逻辑也很明显只处理了能匹配最后一个值前面的部分，后面的却还没影儿呢。现在要做的是把尾巴接上，调用它的appendTail方法。public StringBuffer appendTail(StringBuffer sb) {

sb.append(text, lastAppendPosition, getTextLength());

return sb;

}

到这里就基本结束了。

3. 附加

不知道最近是闲的无聊还是烦的无聊，多写一些。

Java中appendReplacement对groupname的处理，写几个示例大概就OK了吧。

还是拿Java官网的例子做改动，把cat改成 cat little cat 。英语语法肯定说不过去，不过反正我的英语老师也不会看，哈哈~public static void main(String[] args) {

Pattern p = Pattern.compile("(?cat)");

Matcher m = p.matcher("one cat two cats in the yard");

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

while (m.find()) {

m.appendReplacement(sb, "${mycat} little ${mycat}");

}

m.appendTail(sb);

System.out.println(sb.toString());

}