一、Python
1. 源安装 Python3
# 开发者工具
$ sudo yum -y install yum-utils
$ sudo yum-builddep python
# 下载解压
$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tgz
$ tar -zxf Python-3.6.8.tgz
$ cd Python-3.6.8/
# 编译安装
$ ./configure
$ make
$ sudo make install
$ python3 --version
# 设置默认版本
$ alias python='/usr/local/bin/python3.6'
2. SCL安装 Python3
# 1. 激活SCL
$ sudo yum install centos-release-scl
# 2.安装python3
$ sudo yum install rh-python36
# 3.使用python3
$ python --version
Python 2.7.5
$ scl enable rh-python36 bash
$ python --version
Python 3.6.3
# 4. 安装开发工具
$ sudo yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'
注意:
此处设定python3版本,如果重新打开会话,会恢复默认的python2.7
设置默认
$ scl enable python36
$ scl enable python36 bash
3. 虚拟环境venv
$ mkdir myapp
$ cd myapp
$ scl enable rh-python36 bash
$ python -m venv env
$ source env/bin/activate
(env) [xw@VM_0_6_centos myapp]$
4. 安装Flask
hello.py
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
return 'Hello World!'
(env) [xw@VM_0_6_centos myapp]$pip install --upgrade pip
(env) [xw@VM_0_6_centos myapp]$pip install Flask
(env) [xw@VM_0_6_centos myapp]$ export FLASK_APP=hello
(env) [xw@VM_0_6_centos myapp]$ flask run
(env) [xw@VM_0_6_centos myapp]$ deactivate
5. 安装gunicorn
(env) [root@VM_0_6_centos myapp]$ pip3 install gunicorn
(env) [root@VM_0_6_centos myapp]# gunicorn hello:app
二、安装Nginx
1. 安装Nginx
# 1. 安装Nginx
yum -y install nginx
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl start nginx
systemctl status nginx
# 2. 释放端口防火墙HTTP (`80`) and HTTPS (`443`) ports.
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
# 3. 浏览器`http://YOUR_IP`
2. 重要指令
# 开启服务
sudo systemctl start nginx·#无输出
sudo service start nginx #发行版命令
# 开机启动
sudo systemctl enable nginx
# 关闭服务
sudo systemctl stop nginx
sudo service stop nginx
# 重启
sudo systemctl restart nginx
sudo service restart nginx
# 重新加载
更改 Nginx 的配置时,都需要重新加载或重新启动 Nginx
sudo systemctl reload nginx
sudo service reload nginx
# 测试语法错误
sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# 查看nginx状态
sudo systemctl status nginx
# 查看nginx版本
sudo nginx -v
# 输出 Nginx 版本以及配置选项
sudo nginx -V
指令小结:
sudo systemctl stop nginx
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl restart nginx
sudo systemctl reload nginx
sudo systemctl disable nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx
三、设置 Nginx server
1. 创建目录结构
/var/www/
├── example.com
│ └── public_html
├── example2.com
│ └── public_html
├── example3.com
│ └── public_html
新建文件
mkdir -p /var/www/example.com/public_html
创建index.html
sudo nano /var/www/example.com/public_html/index.html
用nano文本编辑器粘贴/var/www/example.com/public_html/index.html
案例测试成功部署
修改用户组
sudo chown -R nginx: /var/www/example.com
2. 配置server
Nginx 服务器块配置文件文件必须以.conf结尾,并存储在目录/etc/nginx/conf.d中
1.新建example.com.conf
/etc/nginx/conf.d/example.com.conf
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
root /var/www/example.com/public_html;
index index.html;
server_name example.com www.example.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/example.com.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/example.com.error.log;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
}
测试配置
sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
重启
sudo systemctl restart nginx
3. Flask + Nginx + Gunicorn
配置服务器
server {
listen 80;
server_name 49.234.220.252;
access_log /var/log/nginx/hello/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/hello/error.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-Ip $remote_addr;
}
}
启动
$ cd myapp/
$ source env/bin/activate
# 创建日志文件夹
(env) $ mkdir -p /var/log/nginx/hello/
# 修改所有者
(env) $ sudo chown -R nginx: /var/log/nginx/hello
(env) $ sudo nginx -t
(env) $ systemctl reload nginx
(env) $ gunicorn hello:app
查看进程
# pstree -ap|grep gunicorn
四、Supervisor
进程管理工具,方便的监听、启动、停止、重启一个或多个进程。
supervisor:要安装的软件的名称。
supervisord:装好supervisor软件后,supervisord用于启动supervisor服务。
supervisorctl:用于管理supervisor配置文件中program。
1. 安装supervisor
yum -y install supervisor
# 生成2个文件
`-- /etc/
|-- ...
|-- supervisord.conf # 配置文件
`-- supervisord.d/ # 配置文件夹
修改supervisord.conf
[unix_http_server]
file=/var/run/supervisor.sock
[supervisord]
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/supervisord.log ; (main log file;default $CWD/supervisord.log)
logfile_maxbytes=50MB ; (max main logfile bytes b4 rotation;default 50MB)
logfile_backups=10 ; (num of main logfile rotation backups;default 10)
loglevel=info ; (log level;default info; others: debug,warn,trace)
pidfile=/var/run/supervisord.pid ; (supervisord pidfile;default supervisord.pid)
nodaemon=false ; (start in foreground if true;default false)
minfds=1024 ; (min. avail startup file descriptors;default 1024)
minprocs=200 ; (min. avail process descriptors;default 200)
[rpcinterface:supervisor]
supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface
[supervisorctl]
serverurl=unix:///var/run/supervisor.sock
[include]
files = supervisord.d/*.ini
2. 自定义配置示例
测试程序结构
`-- dosupervisor/
|-- log/ # 日志文件夹
| |-- long.err.log #错误
| `-- long.out.log #输出
`-- long.sh # 调用程序
# long.sh
#!/bin/bash
while true
do
# Echo current date to stdout
echo `date`
# Echo 'error!' to stderr
echo 'error!' >&2
sleep 1
done
配置long_script.conf
# /etc/supervisord.d/long_script.conf
[program:long_script]
command=/root/dosupervisor/long.sh
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stderr_logfile=/root/dosupervisor/log/long.err.log
stdout_logfile=/root/dosupervisor/log/long.out.log
查看状态
[root@VM_0_6_centos ~]# supervisorctl status
long_script RUNNING pid 16862, uptime 0:00:51
[root@VM_0_6_centos ~]# supervisorctl stop long_script
long_script: stopped
[root@VM_0_6_centos ~]# supervisorctl status
long_script STOPPED Aug 02 11:22 PM
滚动查看结果
tail -f long.out.log
3. 用到的指令
yum -y remove supervisor #卸载
supervisord --version
# 初始化配置
echo_supervisord_conf > /etc/supervisord.conf
supervisord : 启动supervisor
supervisorctl reload :修改完配置文件后重新启动supervisor
supervisorctl status :查看supervisor监管的进程状态
supervisorctl start 进程名 :启动XXX进程
supervisorctl stop 进程名 :停止XXX进程
supervisorctl stop all:停止全部进程。
supervisorctl update:根据最新的配置文件,启动新配置或有改动的进程,配置没有改动的进程不会受影响而重启
# 看进程服务
ps -ef | grep supervisord
#启动supervisor,-c制定让其读取的配置文件
supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.d/long_script.conf
#关闭supervisor
supervisorctl shutdown
#重新加载supervisor配置文件,并重启superivisor
supervisorctl reload
# 设置开机启动
systemctl enable supervisord
4. 开机启动
systemctl enable supervisord
systemctl is-enabled supervisord
systemctl stop supervisord
systemctl start supervisord
systemctl status supervisord
systemctl reload supervisord
systemctl restart supervisord
systemctl restart supervisord
supervisorctl reload
五、Flask+Gunicorn+Nginx+Supervisord
1. 目录结构
$ tree -I "env|__pycache*|*.pyc" -FCL 3
.
|-- hello.py
`-- rungun.sh*
2. 主程序
# hello.py
$ cat hello.py
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def hello():
return '
hello word
'if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host='0.0.0.0',debug=True)
3. 定义启动项
$ cat rungun.sh
#!/bin/bash
cd /root/myapp
source env/bin/activate
gunicorn hello:app
4. 定义supervisord
$ cat /etc/supervisord.d/hello.ini
[program:hello]
command=/root/myapp/rungun.sh
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/hello/hello_out.log
stderr_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/hello/hello_err.log
5. 配置nginx
$ cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/hello.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name 49.234.220.252;
access_log /var/log/nginx/hello/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/hello/error.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-Ip $remote_addr;
}
}
6. 命令
systemctl restart supervisord
supervisorctl reload
更优方案
上述方法只能启动,无法停止或者重启
重新定义supervisord
$ cat /etc/supervisord.d/hello.ini
[program:hello]
command=/root/myapp/env/bin/gunicorn hello:app
directory=/root/myapp
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/hello/hello_out.log
stderr_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/hello/hello_err.log
命令
(env) [root@VM_0_6_centos bin]# supervisorctl reload
Restarted supervisord
(env) [root@VM_0_6_centos bin]# supervisorctl stop hello
hello: stopped
(env) [root@VM_0_6_centos bin]# supervisorctl start hello
hello: started
参考