python安装pygal_python-pygal画图

pygal是个非常简单且功能丰富的py画图包，折线图、柱状图、饼图等常见和不常见的图像都可轻松实现。

下面将介绍安装方法，解决中文字体问题、Linux系统乱码问题，输出PNG文件问题

基础操作：

安装

line_chart = pygal.Line()

line_chart.title = 'Browser usage evolution (in %)'

line_chart.x_labels = map(str, range(2002, 2013))

line_chart.add('Firefox', [None, None, 0, 16.6, 25, 31, 36.4, 45.5, 46.3, 42.8, 37.1])

line_chart.add('Chrome', [None, None, None, None, None, None, 0, 3.9, 10.8, 23.8, 35.3])

line_chart.add('IE', [85.8, 84.6, 84.7, 74.5, 66, 58.6, 54.7, 44.8, 36.2, 26.6, 20.1])

line_chart.add('Others', [14.2, 15.4, 15.3, 8.9, 9, 10.4, 8.9, 5.8, 6.7, 6.8, 7.5])

chart.render() # Return the svg as bytes

基础方法

设置x轴数据：line_chart.x_labels

y轴数据：line_chart.add

绘图：line_chart.render()

保存输出：

bytes：chart.render() # Return the svg as bytes

svg文件：chart.render_to_file('/tmp/chart.svg')

png图片：chart.render_to_png('/tmp/chart.png')

字符乱码问题

依赖安装

pygal对输出图片,及中文不够友好，需要引入其他依赖包。

pip install webencodings

pip install tinycss2

pip install defusedxml

pip install cssselect2

pip install cairocffi

pip install CairoSVG

如果是linux环境安装cairo容易失败，可以下载对应的系统包进行安装：

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pycairo/

我的ubuntu环境下载的：

python3-cairo_1.16.2-1_amd64.deb

安装：dpkg -i python3-cairo_1.16.2-1_amd64.deb

linux系统乱码解决

linux系统上输出 png会有乱码：

解决：windows的 C:\Windows\Fonts 下的微软雅黑.ttf文件copy到 linux的/usr/share/fonts目录

如下为我的一段代码，将字体改成微软，同时输出png：

#####################

# 折线图：

# 兼容linux 系统 png文字乱码：

# windows C:\Windows\Fonts 下的微软雅黑.ttf文件copy到 linux/usr/share/fonts目录

#####################

import pygal

import cairo

from pygal.style import Style

from datetime import datetime

colors_dict = {

1:'#009688', #

2:'#F44336', #

3:'#3F51B5', #

}

def draw_line(data, x_label, y_title, title,colors_list):

colors = []

for idx in colors_list:

if idx in colors_dict:

colors.append(colors_dict[idx])

else:

colors.append(colors_dict[1])

colors = tuple(colors)

custom_style = Style(

background='#FFFFFF',

plot_background='#FFFFFF',

value_background='rgba(229, 229, 229, 1)',

foreground='rgba(0, 0, 0, .87)',

foreground_strong='rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)',

foreground_subtle='rgba(0, 0, 0, .54)',

# Monospaced font is highly encouraged

font_family=(

'"微软雅黑","华文细黑",Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'),

label_font_family=None,

major_label_font_family=None,

value_font_family=None,

value_label_font_family=None,

tooltip_font_family=None,

title_font_family=None,

legend_font_family=None,

no_data_font_family=None,

label_font_size=20,

major_label_font_size=20,

value_font_size=20,

value_label_font_size=20,

tooltip_font_size=14,

title_font_size=30,

legend_font_size=16,

no_data_font_size=64,

# Guide line dash array style

guide_stroke_dasharray='6,1',

major_guide_stroke_dasharray='6,1',

opacity='.7',

opacity_hover='.8',

stroke_opacity='.8',

stroke_opacity_hover='.9',

transition='150ms',

colors=colors,

value_colors=(),

ci_colors=())

chart = pygal.Line(fill=True, style=custom_style,title=title,y_title=y_title,

x_label_rotation=20, show_legend=False,width=1600,print_values=True,

print_zeroes=False, print_values_position='top',

show_minor_x_labels=False)

chart.x_labels = x_label

chart.x_labels_major = x_label[::5]

for i in data:

chart.add(i[0], i[1])

return chart

if __name__=="__main__":

data = [('IE', [85.8, 84.6, 84.7, 74.5, 66, 58.6, 54.7, 44.8, 36.2, 26.6, 20.1])]

x_label = ['2019-07-07', '2019-07-08', '2019-07-12', '2019-07-14', '2019-07-15','2019-07-16', '2019-07-17', '2019-07-18', '2019-07-19', '2019-07-20', '2019-07-21']

print(x_label)

y_title = "嘿嘿嘿"

title = "哈哈哈哈"

save_path = 'test.png'

chart = draw_line(data, x_label, y_title, title,[1])

chart.render_to_png(save_path)