20200609
部分引用https://www.jb51.net/article/163112.html
ubuntu18.04安装3个python版本,系统已自带python3.6.9和2.7.15,再增加python3.6.8,默认python3.6.8
一、旧版本信息
root@zhiguan-ai:/usr/local/bin# python2 --version
Python 2.7.15+
root@zhiguan-ai:/usr/local/bin# python --version
Python 3.6.9
二、注意事项
切记不可随意删除系统自带python版本,因为系统有很多软件依赖着
三、安装办法
ubuntu官方apt工具包安装
PPA(Personal Package Archive)的apt工具包安装
手动下载并编译python源代码安装
3.1源码安装教程
3.1.1.下载安装包
cd /usr/local/src
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tgz
3.1.2.解压安装包
tax -xvf Python-3.6.8.tgz
3.1.3安装指定版本python
3.1.3.1.预配置
./configure(也可以./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.6.8)
3.1.3.1.编译安装
sudo make
sudo make install
3.1.3.2.预配置两种方法的区别
1.若编译执行的是./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python368,则可执行文件放在/usr/local/python368/bin,库文件放在/usr/local/python368/lib,配置文件放在/usr/local/python368/include,其它的资源文件放在/usr /local/python368/share
2.若编译执行的是./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python368,添加环境变量PATH=PATH:HOME/bin:/usr/local/python368/bin
查看环境变量
echo $PATH
3.1.4.删除就版本python默认软链指向
1.查看python现有信息
root@chenwx:/usr/bin# ls /usr/bin/python* -lh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Jun 9 14:45 /usr/bin/python -> /etc/alternatives/python
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Apr 16 2018 /usr/bin/python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3.5M Apr 16 01:20 /usr/bin/python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Oct 25 2018 /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.6
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.4M Apr 18 09:56 /usr/bin/python3.6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 34 Jun 9 14:41 /usr/bin/python368 -> /usr/local/python3.6.8/bin/python3
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.4M Apr 18 09:56 /usr/bin/python3.6m
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1018 Oct 29 2017 /usr/bin/python3-jsondiff
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3.6K Oct 29 2017 /usr/bin/python3-jsonpatch
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1.4K May 2 2016 /usr/bin/python3-jsonpointer
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 398 Nov 16 2017 /usr/bin/python3-jsonschema
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Oct 25 2018 /usr/bin/python3m -> python3.6m
2.重命名旧的python软链
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak
mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip.bak
3.建立python新软链和pip软链
ln -s /usr/local/python368/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/python368/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip
4.测试版本
root@chenwx:/usr/bin# python
Python 3.6.8 (default, Jun 9 2020, 14:37:48)
[GCC 7.5.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
3.1.5.指定默认python版本
如上步操作所示,已经制定python3.6.8版本是默认python版本
3.1.6.使用update-alternatives 来为整个系统更改Python版本
我们可以使用 update-alternatives 来为整个系统更改Python 版本。以 root 身份登录,首先罗列出所有可用的python 替代版本信息:
#update-alternatives --list python
update-alternatives: error: no alternatives for python
如果出现以上所示的错误信息,则表示 Python 的替代版本尚未被update-alternatives 命令识别。想解决这个问题,我们需要更新一下替代列表,将python2.7 和 python3.6放入其中。
root@chenwx:/usr/bin# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2 100
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/python2 to provide /usr/bin/python (python) in auto mode
root@chenwx:/usr/bin# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 110
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/python3 to provide /usr/bin/python (python) in auto mode
root@chenwx:/usr/bin# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/local/python3.6.8/bin/python3 150
update-alternatives: using /usr/local/python3.6.8/bin/python3 to provide /usr/bin/python (python) in auto mode
-install 选项使用了多个参数用于创建符号链接。最后一个参数指定了此选项的优先级,如果我们没有手动来设置替代选项,那么具有最高优先级的选项就会被选中。
root@chenwx:/usr/bin# sudo update-alternatives --config python
There are 3 choices for the alternative python (providing /usr/bin/python).
Selection Path Priority Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0 /usr/local/python3.6.8/bin/python3 150 auto mode
1 /usr/bin/python2 100 manual mode
2 /usr/bin/python3 110 manual mode
3 /usr/local/python3.6.8/bin/python3 150 manual mode