python解压7z文件_Python 3.5使用7z压缩文件夹实现文件夹备份

简明python教程第十章为实现压缩文件夹保存备份的方案，提供了如下代码：

#!/usr/bin/python

# Filename: backup_ver1.py

import os

import time

# 1. The files and directories to be backed up are

specified in a list.

source = ['/home/swaroop/byte', '/home/swaroop/bin']

# If you are using Windows, use source =

[r'C:\Documents', r'D:\Work'] or something like that

# 2. The backup must be stored in a main backup

directory

target_dir = '/mnt/e/backup/' # Remember to change this

to what you will be using

# 3. The files are backed up into a zip file.

# 4. The name of the zip archive is the current date

and time

target = target_dir + time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S') +

'.zip'

# 5. We use the zip command (in Unix/Linux) to put the

files in a zip archive

zip_command = "zip -qr '%s' %s" % (target, ' '.join

(source))

# Run the backup

if os.system(zip_command) == 0:

print 'Successful backup to', target

else:

print 'Backup FAILED'

该方案使用zip处理压缩文件，在linux环境下正常输出：

$ python backup_ver1.py

Successful backup to /mnt/e/backup/20041208073244.zip

然而在windows 10系统，python2.7.9环境下会报错，未安装zip

'zip' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序

或批处理文件。

考虑到windows下 zip支持环境，我改用7z实现解压缩。并对windows和linux环境同时支持：

import platform

platform.system()

# 输出结果为当前平台信息，用以做判断依据。

遂有：

# coding=utf-8

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

__author__ = 'nanguoyu'

import os

import time

import platform

# 备份目标文件夹

source_windows = 'C:\\Users\\nanguoyu\\OneDrive\\文档\\获奖证书\\'

source_linux = '/mnt/c/Users/nanguoyu/OneDrive/文档/获奖证书/'

# 备份存储文件夹

tar_dir_win = 'F:\\Dropbox\\'

tar_dir_nux = '/mnt/f/Dropbox/'

tips = '备份'

if platform.system() == 'Windows':

print("当前系统windows")

target_dir = tar_dir_win

source = source_windows

zsource = source + '*'

target7z = target_dir + time.strftime('%Y%m%d') + tips + os.sep + time.strftime('%H%M%S') + '.zip'

zcommand = "7z a -tzip -r %s %s" % (target7z, ''.join(zsource))

elif platform.system() == 'Linux':

print("当前系统linux")

target_dir = tar_dir_nux

source = source_linux

zsource = source + '*'

target7z = target_dir + time.strftime('%Y%m%d') + tips + os.sep + time.strftime('%H%M%S') + '.zip'

zcommand = "7z a -tzip -r %s %s" % (target7z, ''.join(zsource))

else:

print("当前系统linux")

target_dir = tar_dir_nux

source = source_linux

zsource = source + '*'

target7z = target_dir + time.strftime('%Y%m%d') + tips + os.sep + time.strftime('%H%M%S') + '.zip'

zcommand = "7z a -tzip -r %s %s" % (target7z, ''.join(zsource))

print ('zcommand is : ', zcommand)

if os.system(zcommand) == 0:

print ('successful backup to ', target7z)

else:

print ('Backup Failed')

# end of file

windows下输出：

E:\workplace\python_begin\Backup>python BackupToDropbox.py

当当前前系系统统windows

zcommand is : 7z a -tzip -r F:\Dropbox\20160601备备份份\234838.zip C:\Users\nanguoyu\OneDrive\文文档档\获获奖奖证证书书\*

7-Zip [32] 16.00 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-10

Scanning the drive:

1 file, 206237 bytes (202 KiB)

Creating archive: F:\Dropbox\20160601备备份份\234838.zip

Items to compress: 1

Files read from disk: 1

Archive size: 178257 bytes (175 KiB)

Everything is Ok

successful backup to F:\Dropbox\20160601备备份份\234838.zip