python 解压zip rar 7z文件

1、zip等格式文件解压文件

使用shutil，支持的压缩文件格式，一般常用解压格式为.zip文件。

import shutil

print(shutil.unpack_formats())

输出：

[('bztar', ['.tar.bz2', '.tbz2'], "bzip2'ed tar-file"), ('gztar', ['.tar.gz', '.tgz'], "gzip'ed tar-file"), ('tar', ['.tar'], 'uncompressed tar file'), ('xztar', ['.tar.xz', '.txz'], "xz'ed tar-file"), ('zip', ['.zip'], 'ZIP file')]

解压文件

extract_dir = "./tmp/"
shutil.unpack_archive(current_file, extract_dir)

2、删除临时文件

解压文件后需要删除临时文件

import os
os.remove(full_name)

3、shutil添加解压7z格式文件支持

import os
from py7zr import unpack_7zarchive
import shutil

if __name__ == "__main__":
    path = r"E:\Dataset\新建文件夹"
    suffix = ".zip"  # ".7z"  ".rar"
    # file_list = GetFiles(path, suffix)
    # print("there are ", len(file_list), "zip files")
    # file_list = GetFiles(path, suffix)
    # print("there are ", len(file_list), "rar files")
    shutil.register_unpack_format('7zip', ['.7z'], unpack_7zarchive)
    file_list = GetFiles(path, suffix)
    print("there are ", len(file_list), "7z files")
    current_file = file_list[0]
    print("current file ", current_file)
    extract_dir = "./tmp/"
    shutil.unpack_archive(current_file, extract_dir)

4、rar格式文件解压

安装 unrar 模块：

pip install rarfile
pip install unrar

下载 http://www.rarlab.com/rar/UnRARDLL.exe
安装后设置环境变量

测试

(pytorch190) C:\Users\wmz>python
Python 3.8.10 (default, May 19 2021, 13:12:57) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from unrar import rarfile

参考：解决Python下安装unrar后仍然提示Couldn’t find path to unrar library…
如果文件后缀名并不是文件的压缩格式，这就比较麻烦，比如后缀名为.rar的文件实际是.zip压缩格式。
这就需要判断文件的真实压缩格式，然后在做相应的处理。

import gzip
import os
import tarfile
import zipfile
from unrar import rarfile

def decompress_rar(src_file, dest_dir):
    """
    Decompress rar file into destination direction
    """
    rv = (True, '')

    try:
        rar = rarfile.RarFile(src_file)
        rar.extractall(dest_dir)
    except Exception as e:
        rv = (False, e)
        return rv

    return rv


def decompress_tar_and_tgz(src_file, dest_dir):
    """
    Decomporess .tar or .tgz file into destination directory
    """
    rv = (True, '')
    try:
        tar = tarfile.open(src_file)
        names = tar.getnames()
        for name in names:
            tar.extract(name, dest_dir)
        tar.close()
    except Exception as e:
        rv = (False, e)
        return rv

    return rv


def decompress_zip(src_file, dest_dir):
    """
    Decompress .zip file into destination folder
    """
    rv = (True, '')
    try:
        zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(src_file)
        for name in zip_file.namelist():
            zip_file.extract(name, dest_dir)
        zip_file.close()
    except Exception as e:
        rv = (False, e)
        return rv
    
    return rv

def decompress_gz(src_file, dest_dir):
    """
    Decompress .gz file into destination folder
    """
    rv = (True, "")
    try:
        fname = dest_dir + '/' + os.path.basename(src_file)
        gfile = gzip.GzipFile(src_file)
        open(fname, "w+").write(gfile.read())
        gfile.close()
    except Exception as e:
        rv = (False, e)
        return rv

    return rv


def decompress(src_file, dest_dir):
    fname, ext = os.path.splitext(src_file)

    if ext in ('.tgz', '.tar'):
        decompress_tar_and_tgz(src_file, dest_dir)
    elif ext == '.zip':
        decompress_zip(src_file, dest_dir)        
    elif ext == '.rar':
        decompress_rar(src_file, dest_dir)
    elif ext == '.gz':
        decompress_gz(src_file, dest_dir)


def decompress_folder(src_dir):
    files = os.listdir(src_dir)

    for fname in files: # fname is file name with extension
        name, ext = os.path.splitext(fname) # name is file name without extension
        src_file = os.path.join(src_dir, fname)
        dest_path = os.path.join(src_dir, name)
        if not os.path.exists(dest_path):
            os.mkdir(dest_path)

        decompress(src_file, dest_path)
        print(src_file, 'was decompressed.')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    src_dir = r'D:\some_folder_name'
    decompress_folder(src_dir)

利用 winrar 软件进行解压

winrar 提供命令行解压，Python 语言可以调用 winrar 命令。在执行命令之前，把 winrar.exe 所在的路径加到环境变量。然后，比如，我们要把 D:\test 下所有 zip 文件解压，可以用下面的命令：

winrar.exe x D:\test\*.zip D:\test\unzip\

winrar 的命令行参数很多，这里不展开，x 表示使用绝对路径进行解压。Python 对 winrar 命令进行封装的代码如下：

import os

def unzip_folder(sourcepath):
    if sourcepath[-1:] == "\\":
        files = sourcepath + "*.zip"
    else:
        files = sourcepath + "\\" + "*.zip"

    dest = sourcepath + "\\unzip\\"

    cmd = 'WinRAR.exe x {} {}'.format(files, dest)
    os.system(cmd)  


if __name__ == "__main__":
    source_folder = r"D:\test\\"
    unzip_folder(source_folder)

参考：Python解压常见格式的压缩文件

5、zip和rar文件格式

根据文件头判断文件格式

参考：压缩包Zip格式详析（全网最详细）
参考：RAR文件格式学习（了解）