一、简介:
argparse是python用于解析命令行参数和选项的标准模块,用于代替已经过时的optparse模块。argparse模块的作用是用于解析命令行参数,例如python parseTest.py input.txt output.txt --user=name --port=8080。
二、使用步骤:
1:import argparse
2:parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
3:parser.add_argument()
4:parser.parse_args()
解释:首先导入该模块;然后创建一个解析对象;然后向该对象中添加你要关注的命令行参数和选项,每一个add_argument方法对应一个你要关注的参数或选项;最后调用parse_args()方法进行解析;解析成功之后即可使用,下面简单说明一下步骤2和3。
三、方法ArgumentParser(prog=None, usage=None,description=None, epilog=None, parents=[],formatter_class=argparse.HelpFormatter, prefix_chars='-',fromfile_prefix_chars=None, argument_default=None,conflict_handler='error', add_help=True)
这些参数都有默认值,当调用parser.print_help()或者运行程序时由于参数不正确(此时python解释器其实也是调用了pring_help()方法)时,会打印这些描述信息,一般只需要传递description参数,如上。
四、方法add_argument(name or flags...[, action][, nargs][, const][, default][, type][, choices][, required][, help][, metavar][, dest])
其中:
name or flags:命令行参数名或者选项,如上面的address或者-p,--port.其中命令行参数如果没给定,且没有设置defualt,则出错。但是如果是选项的话,则设置为None
nargs:命令行参数的个数,一般使用通配符表示,其中,'?'表示只用一个,'*'表示0到多个,'+'表示至少一个
default:默认值
type:参数的类型,默认是字符串string类型,还有float、int等类型
help:和ArgumentParser方法中的参数作用相似,出现的场合也一致
最常用的地方就是这些,其他的可以参考官方文档。下面给出一个例子,基本包括了常见的情形:
1 importargparse2
3 defparse_args():4 description = usage: %prog [options] poetry-file5
6 This isthe Slow Poetry Server, blocking edition.7 Run it like this:8
9 python slowpoetry.py
10
11 If you are in the base directory of the twisted-intro package,12 you could run it like this:13
14 python blocking-server/slowpoetry.py poetry/ecstasy.txt15
16 to serve up John Donne's Ecstasy, which I know you want to do.
17
18
19 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description =description)20
21 help =The addresses to connect.22 parser.add_argument('addresses',nargs = '*',help =help)23
24 help = The filename to operate on.Default is poetry/ecstasy.txt25 parser.add_argument('filename',help=help)26
27 help =The port to listen on. Default to a random available port.28 parser.add_argument('-p',--port', type=int, help=help)
29
30 help = The interface to listen on. Default islocalhost.31 parser.add_argument('--iface', help=help, default='localhost')32
33 help =The number of seconds between sending bytes.34 parser.add_argument('--delay', type=float, help=help, default=.7)35
36 help =The number of bytes to send at a time.37 parser.add_argument('--bytes', type=int, help=help, default=10)38
39 args =parser.parse_args();40 returnargs41
42 if __name__ == '__main__':43 args =parse_args()44
45 for address inargs.addresses:46 print 'The address is : %s .' %address47
48 print 'The filename is : %s .' %args.filename49 print 'The port is : %d.' %args.port50 print 'The interface is : %s.' %args.iface51 print 'The number of seconds between sending bytes : %f'%args.delay52 print 'The number of bytes to send at a time : %d.' % args.bytes
运行该脚本:python test.py --port 10000 --delay 1.2 127.0.0.1 172.16.55.67 poetry/ecstasy.txt
输出为:
The address is : 127.0.0.1 .
The address is : 172.16.55.67 .
The filename is : poetry/ecstasy.txt .
The port is : 10000.
The interface is : localhost.
The number of seconds between sending bytes : 1.200000
The number of bytes to send at a time : 10.