mit python 公开课_MIT 计算机科学及编程导论 Python 笔记 1

计算机科学及编程导论在 MIT 的课程编号是 6.00.1，是计算机科学及工程学院的经典课程。之前，课程一直使用 Scheme 作为教学语言，不过由于 Python 简单、易学等原因，近年来已经改用 Python 作为教学语言了。更多介绍

最初知道这个课程的时候大概是在 2014 年，对于做事拖沓的我，这门课程已经从低清随堂录制变成了 edX 平台的一门 高清的 MOOC，转眼间已经大三，希望自己能够完成自己曾经定下的计划。以下是在我在学习本课程时的一些笔记，在此与大家共享、共勉。

What does a computer do?

Fundamentally a computer:

Performs some calculations

Remembers results

What calculations?

Built in primitives

Creating our own methods of calculating

Simple calculations are not enough, so good algorithm design also needed to accomplish a task.

Despite its speed and storage, a computer does have limitations

Some problems still too complex

Some problems are fundamentally impossible to computer (e.g. Turing's Halting Problem)

Knowledge

Declarative

Imperative (likes a recipe, "how-to")

Computers

Fixed-program computers (earliest computers)

To solve specific problems

Atanasoff (1941) - linear equations

Turing bombe

Stored-program computers

Program is a recipe. Each programming language provides a set of primitive operations.

Given a fixed set of primitives, a good programmer can program anything.

Anything you can do with a language, you can do with another.

About python

High(√) vs. Low

General(√) vs. Targetted

Interpreted(√) vs. Compiled

Aspects of languages & Common Errors

Aspects

Description

Primitive constructs

numbers, strings, simple operators

Syntax

which strings of charactres and symbols are well-formed

Static semantics

which syntactically valid strings have a meaning

Full semantics

what is the meaning associated with a syntactically correct string of symbols with no static semantic errors

语法用来描述语言中，什么表述是合法的。

静态语义表示什么程序是有意义的，哪种表达是有意义的。

完整语义即程序想达到什么目的，运行程序会产生什么效果。

Goal

Learn the syntax and semantics of a programming language.

Learn how to use those elements to translate “recipes” for solving a problem into a form that the computer can use to do the work for us.

Computational modes of thought enable us to use a suite of methods to solve problems.

References