读写分离怎么实现_为什么要使用读写分离？SpirngBoot+MyBatis如何实现读写分离？...

为什么要使用读写分离？

读写分离是互联网公司常用的技术方案，用来分摊数据库压力的。我们知道在一般的互联网项目中都是读多写少，这就导致数据库在大部分时候都在进行读操作，那么在高并发、高流量读的情况下，数据库的读操作就可能成为系统的性能瓶颈。

有的人可能会说，可以通过加缓存来解决数据库读的瓶颈，当然缓存也是一种有效的方案，可以迅速缓解数据库的压力。但有些场景我们不适合加缓存，比如数据变化比较频繁而我们对实时性要求比较高的场景下，使用缓存可以会导致业务上的逻辑存在问题。那我们只能通过查库来解决业务问题

本篇幅不会讲解数据库的主从搭建，重点讲解Springboot + mybatis代码层面的读写分离实现，下面我们进入正题

读写分离代码实现

1、配置多数据源

读写分离至少要包含一个写库、一个读库，那就会涉及到多数据源，数据库配置如下：

# 以一主一从为例，一主多从是类似的配置mysql:  datasource:    master:      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb1      username: root      password: 123456      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver    slave1:      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb2      username: root      password: 123456      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

2、继承spring的AbstractRoutingDataSource进行多数据源管理

public class MyRoutingDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {    @Nullable    @Override    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {        return DBContextHolder.get();    }}

3、数据源相关配置

@Configurationpublic class DataSourceConfig {    @Bean(name = "masterDataSource")    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mysql.datasource.master")    public DataSource masterDataSource(){        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();    }    @Bean(name = "slaveDataSource")    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mysql.datasource.slave1")    public DataSource slaveDataSource(){        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();    }    @Bean(name = "myRoutingDataSource")    public DataSource myRoutingDataSource(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource masterDataSource,                                          @Qualifier("slaveDataSource") DataSource slaveDataSource){        Map targetDataSource = new HashMap<>();        targetDataSource.put(DBTypeEnum.MASTER,masterDataSource);        targetDataSource.put(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE,slaveDataSource);        MyRoutingDataSource myRoutingDataSource = new MyRoutingDataSource();        myRoutingDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(masterDataSource);        myRoutingDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSource);        return myRoutingDataSource;    }}

// sqlSessionFactory和事务相关配置@EnableTransactionManagement@Configurationpublic class MyBatisConfig {    @Resource(name = "myRoutingDataSource")    private DataSource myRoutingDataSource;    @Bean    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory() throws Exception {        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(myRoutingDataSource);        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mapper/**/*.xml"));        return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();    }    @Bean    public PlatformTransactionManager platformTransactionManager(){        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(myRoutingDataSource);    }}

4、使用AOP进行数据源动态切换

public enum DBTypeEnum {    MASTER,SLAVE}

//线程级别的数据源设置public class DBContextHolder {    private static final ThreadLocal contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();    public static void set(DBTypeEnum dbType){        contextHolder.set(dbType);    }    public static DBTypeEnum get(){        return contextHolder.get();    }    public static void master(){        set(DBTypeEnum.MASTER);        System.out.println("切换到master");    }    public static void slave(){        set(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE);        System.out.println("切换到slave");    }}

//定义AOP规则进行数据源的动态切换@Component@Aspectpublic class DataSourceAop {    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.kxg.demo.annotation.ReadOnly)" +            "|| execution(* com.kxg.demo.mapper..*.find*(..))" +            "|| execution(* com.kxg.demo.mapper..*.get*(..))")    public void readPointcut(){    }    @Pointcut("!@annotation(com.kxg.demo.annotation.ReadOnly)" +            "&& execution(* com.kxg.demo.mapper..*.insert*(..))" +            "|| execution(* com.kxg.demo.mapper..*.update*(..))" +            "|| execution(* com.kxg.demo.mapper..*.delete*(..))")    public void writePointcut(){    }    @Before("readPointcut()")    public void read(){        DBContextHolder.slave();    }    @Before("writePointcut()")    public void write(){        DBContextHolder.master();    }}

5、测试结果

@Datapublic class User {    private Integer userId;    private String userName;}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>        select * from tb_user            insert into tb_user(user_id,user_name) values(#{userId},#{userName})    

@Mapperpublic interface UserMapper {     List findAll();     int insert(User user);}

@Servicepublic class UserService {    @Autowired    private UserMapper userMapper;    @Transactional    public void insert(User user){        userMapper.insert(user);    }    @Transactional    public void save(){    }    //打上readOnly的注解，表示走读库    @ReadOnly    public List findAll(){        return userMapper.findAll();    }}

//写个测试方法测试一下@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@SpringBootTest(classes = MultiDataSourceDemo.class)@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.kxg.demo")@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)public class MultiDataSourceDemo {    @Autowired    private UserService userService;    @Test    public void testWrite(){        User user = new User();        Integer userId = new Random().nextInt();        user.setUserId(userId);        user.setUserName("user" + userId);        userService.insert(user);    }    @Test    public void testRead(){        userService.findAll();    }}

分别运行testWrite()、testRead()方法得到的结果如下：