linux mysql 二进制包_linux安装mysql二进制包( 完整流程 )

[梳理了一下centos上安装mysql的三种方法：一是通过源码安装，二是用通用二进制包，三是通过不同linux release到系统包安装,centos上是RPM包安装。 linux/unix上通用二进制

首先在MySQL官网下载MySQL二进制包(下载要注册，稍显麻烦)

我下载的mysql-5.1.49,有123M大哦，比源码包大多啦。

# ls -lh mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 123M Aug 3 14:20 mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz

然后放到/usr/local目录下

#cd /usr/local/

# ls

bin etc games include lib libexec mrtg mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz rrdtool sbin share src

添加MySQL用户，组

# groupadd mysql

# useradd -g mysql mysql

解压MySQL

# tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz

建一个符号链接 /usr/local/mysql

# ln -s mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23 mysql

# ll

total 126128

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 3 14:17 bin

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 8 2008 etc

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 8 2008 games

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 8 2008 include

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 8 2008 lib

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 8 2008 libexec

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 17 13:57 mrtg

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 Aug 3 14:29 mysql -> mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23

drwxr-xr-x 13 7155 wheel 4096 Jul 11 07:53 mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 128915887 Aug 3 14:20 mysql-5.1.49-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz

drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Aug 3 14:17 rrdtool

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 8 2008 sbin

drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 15 18:41 share

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 8 2008 src

看下MySQL具体的目录结构

# ls mysql

bin data EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT INSTALL-BINARY man README share support-files

COPYING docs include lib mysql-test scripts sql-bench

INSTALL-BINARY 是官方的安装说明

66 The basic commands that you must execute to install and use a

67 MySQL binary distribution are:

68

69 Note

70

71 The following process assumes that you have root (administrator)

72 access to your system. Alternatively you can prefix each command

73 using the sudo (Linux) or pfexec (OpenSolaris) command.

74 shell> groupadd mysql

75 shell> useradd -g mysql mysql

76 shell> cd /usr/local

77 shell> gunzip < /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -

78 shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql

79 shell> cd mysql

80 shell> chown -R mysql .

81 shell> chgrp -R mysql .

82 shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

83 shell> chown -R root .

84 shell> chown -R mysql data

85 shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

#cd mysql

# pwd

/usr/local/mysql

修改权限

#chown -R mysql .

#chgrp -R mysql .

建立MySQL配置文件

support-files下可以看到提供了5个模板，可以根据自己的环境选择。

# ls support-files/

binary-configure magic my-medium.cnf mysql.server

config.huge.ini my-huge.cnf my-small.cnf ndb-config-2-node.ini

config.medium.ini my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf mysqld_multi.server

config.small.ini my-large.cnf mysql-log-rotate

我这里用my-medium.cnf

# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

修改配置文件

# vi /etc/my.cnf

文件中添加下面一句，设置自己想要的数据目录。默认在./mysql/data下。我的数据目录设置为/data/mysql

datadir = /data/mysql

-- {该语句需要加到 [mysqld]数据区域段}

保存退出

建立数据目录

# mkdir -p /data/mysql

# chown -R mysql /data/mysql

# chgrp -R mysql /data/mysql

# ll /data

total 8

drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Aug 3 14:41 mysql

初始化

# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

修改权限

#chown -R root .

修改数据目录权限

# ll /data/mysql/

total 764

drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Aug 3 14:45 mysql

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 19079 Aug 3 14:45 mysql-bin.000001

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 722735 Aug 3 14:45 mysql-bin.000002

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 38 Aug 3 14:45 mysql-bin.index

drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Aug 3 14:45 test

# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/

启动MySQL# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

设置MySQL密码

# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 123456

看看服务是否已启动

# netstat -tunlp |grep 3306

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5809/mysqld

# ps -ef |grep mysql

root 5707 3339 0 14:50 pts/3 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

mysql 5809 5707 0 14:50 pts/3 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/vbird.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/vbird.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306

root 5836 3339 0 14:54 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql

把MySQL加入环境变量# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin">>/etc/profile

# source /etc/profile //使环境变量生效

# echo $PATH

/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin

把MySQL加入开机启动#echo "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &" >>/etc/rc.local

或者

# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

# chkconfig --add mysqld

重启mysql

# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

# cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf

# cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld //开机自动启动 mysql。

# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

# chkconfig --add mysqld

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start 　　　　　　　　　　//启动 MySQL

# bin/mysqladmin -u root password "password_for_root"

# service mysqld stop 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　//关闭 MySQL[第一步：创建用户和用户组         groupadd mysql        useradd -g mysql mysql 第二步：解压二进制文件         tar zxvf xxxx.tar.gz        将解压后的文件mv到/usr