数据准备
```
importmatplotlib.pyplot as pltimportnumpy as npx=np.linspace(0.5,3.5,100)y=np.sin(x)y1=np.random.random(10)
```
plot() 线图
plt.plot(x,y,ls='-',lw=2,label='plot figure')plt.legend()plt.show()
scatter() 散点图
importmatplotlib.pyplotaspltimportnumpyasnpx = np.linspace(0.5,10,1000)y = np.random.randn(1000)plt.scatter(x,y,label='scatter fugure')plt.legend()plt.show()
xlim() 坐标刻度范围
plt.scatter(x,y,label='scatter figure')plt.legend()plt.xlim(0.05,10)plt.ylim(0,1)plt.show()
xlabel() 坐标标签
x = np.linspace(0.05,10,1000)y = np.sin(x)plt.plot(x,y,ls='-.',lw=2,c='c',label='plot figure')plt.legend()plt.xlabel('x-axis')plt.ylabel('y-axis')plt.show()
grid() 绘制网格
plt.plot(x,y,ls='-.',lw=2,c='c',label='plot figure')plt.legend()plt.grid(linestyle=':',color='r')plt.show()
axhine() 绘制水平参考线
plt.plot(x,y,ls='-.',lw=2,c='c',label='plot figure')plt.legend()plt.axhline(y=0.0,c='r',ls='--',lw=2)plt.axvline(x=4.0,c='r',ls='--',lw=2)plt.show()
axvspan() 绘制垂直参考区域
plt.plot(x,y,ls='-.',lw=2,c='c',label='plot figure')plt.legend()plt.axvspan(xmin=4.0,xmax=6.0,facecolor='y',alpha=0.3)plt.axhspan(ymin=0.0,ymax=0.5,facecolor='y',alpha=0.3)plt.show()
annotate() 添加图形内容细节指向性注释文本
plt.plot(x,y,ls='-.',lw=2,c='c',label='plot figure')plt.legend()plt.annotate('maximum', xy=(np.pi/2,1), xytext=((np.pi/2)+1,0.8), weight='bold', color='b', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3',color='b'))plt.show()
text() 添加图形内容注释文本
plt.plot(x,y,ls='-.',lw=2,c='c',label='plot figure')plt.text(3.1,0.09,'y=sin(x)',weight='bold',color='b')plt.show()
title() 标题
plt.plot(x,y,ls='-',label='plot figure')plt.legend(loc='lower left')plt.show()
legend() 图例
x = np.linspace(0.5,3.5,100)
y = np.sin(x)
y1 = np.random.randn(100)
plt.scatter(x,y1,c='0.25',label='scatter figure')
plt.plot(x,y,ls='--',lw=2,label='plot figure')
forspineinplt.gca().spines.keys():
if spine =='top'orspine =='right':
plt.gca().spines[spine].set_color('none')
plt.gca().xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
plt.gca().yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')plt.xlim(0,4)plt.ylim(-3,3)plt.ylabel('y_axis')
plt.xlabel('x_axis')plt.grid(True,ls=':',color='r')
plt.axhline(y=0,c='r',ls='--',lw=2)plt.axvspan(xmin=1, xmax=2, facecolor='y', alpha=.3)
plt.annotate('maximum',xy=(np.pi/2,1), xytext=((np.pi/2)+.15,1.5), weight='bold',color='b', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3',color='r'))
plt.annotate('spines',xy=(0.75,-3), xytext=(0.35,-2.25), weight='bold',color='b', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3',color='r'))
plt.annotate('spines',xy=(0,-2.78), xytext=(0.4,-2.32), weight='bold',color='b', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3',color='r'))
plt.annotate('spines',xy=(3.5,-2.98), xytext=(3.6,-2.7), weight='bold',color='b', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3',color='r'))
plt.text(3.6,-2.7,"'| is tickline'",weight='bold',color='b')
plt.text(3.6,-2.95,"3.5 sis ticklabel",weight='bold',color='b')
plt.title('structure of matplotlib')plt.legend()plt.show()
组合图
x = np.linspace(0.5,3.5,100)
y = np.sin(x)
y1 = np.random.randn(100)
plt.scatter(x,y1,c='0.25',label='scatter figure')
plt.plot(x,y,ls='--',lw=2,label='plot figure')
forspineinplt.gca().spines.keys():
if spine =='top'orspine =='right':
plt.gca().spines[spine].set_color('none') plt.gca().xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
plt.gca().yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
plt.xlim(0,4)plt.ylim(-3,3)plt.ylabel('y_axis')plt.xlabel('x_axis')
plt.grid(True,ls=':',color='r')plt.axhline(y=0,c='r',ls='--',lw=2)
plt.axvspan(xmin=1, xmax=2, facecolor='y', alpha=.3)
plt.annotate('maximum',xy=(np.pi/2,1), xytext=((np.pi/2)+.15,1.5), weight='bold',color='b', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3',color='r'))
plt.annotate('spines',xy=(0.75,-3), xytext=(0.35,-2.25), weight='bold',color='b', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3',color='r'))
plt.annotate('spines',xy=(0,-2.78), xytext=(0.4,-2.32), weight='bold',color='b', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3',color='r'))
plt.annotate('spines',xy=(3.5,-2.98), xytext=(3.6,-2.7), weight='bold',color='b', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3',color='r'))
plt.text(3.6,-2.7,"'| is tickline'",weight='bold',color='b')
plt.text(3.6,-2.95,"3.5 sis ticklabel",weight='bold',color='b')
plt.title('structure of matplotlib')plt.legend()plt.show()