python文件替换一行_python基础_文件操作实现全文或单行替换的方法

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python修改文件时，使用w模式会将原本的文件清空/覆盖。可以先用读(r)的方式打开，写到内存中,然后再用写(w)的方式打开。

1、替换文本中的taste 为 tasting

Yesterday when I was young

昨日当我年少轻狂

The taste of life was sweet

生命的滋味是甜的

As rain upon my tongue

#将文件读取到内存中

with open("./fileread.txt","r",encoding="utf-8") as f:

lines = f.readlines()

#写的方式打开文件

with open("./fileread.txt","w",encoding="utf-8") as f_w:

for line in lines:

if "taste" in line:

#替换

line = line.replace("taste","tasting")

f_w.write(line)

2、全文中搜索替换或者单行替换

#文本内容

Yesterday when I was young

昨日当我年少轻狂

The taste of life was sweet

生命的滋味是甜的

As rain upon my tongue

taste

taste

taste

taste

#定义一个函数，带有4个参数

#x 表示要更新的文件名称

#y 表示要被替换的内容

#z 表示 替换后的内容

#s 默认参数为 1 表示只替换第一个匹配到的字符串

# 如果参数为 s = 'g' 则表示全文替换

def string_switch(x,y,z,s=1):

with open(x, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:

#readlines以列表的形式将文件读出

lines = f.readlines()

with open(x, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f_w:

#定义一个数字，用来记录在读取文件时在列表中的位置

n = 0

#默认选项，只替换第一次匹配到的行中的字符串

if s == 1:

for line in lines:

if y in line:

line = line.replace(y,z)

f_w.write(line)

n += 1

break

f_w.write(line)

n += 1

#将剩余的文本内容继续输出

for i in range(n,len(lines)):

f_w.write(lines[i])

#全局匹配替换

elif s == 'g':

for line in lines:

if y in line:

line = line.replace(y,z)

f_w.write(line)

测试

1)默认参数 1，只替换匹配到的第一行

string_switch("fileread.txt","taste","tasting")

#结果

Yesterday when I was young

昨日当我年少轻狂

The tasting of life was sweet

生命的滋味是甜的

As rain upon my tongue

taste

taste

taste

taste

2)全局替换

string_switch("fileread.txt","taste","tasting","g")

#结果

Yesterday when I was young

昨日当我年少轻狂

The tasting of life was sweet

生命的滋味是甜的

As rain upon my tongue

tasting

tasting

tasting

tasting