python mysql 多主_Python-Mysql系列-多表查询

多表查询

多表连接查询

#重点：外链接语法

SELECT 字段列表

FROM 表1 INNER|LEFT|RIGHT JOIN 表2

ON 表1.字段 = 表2.字段;

1 内连接：两张表中共同的

mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name

from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;

根据on后面的关联项，找出两张表中关联的部分，组合成一张新表(虚拟表)

+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+

| id | name      | age  | sex    | name         |

+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+

|  1 | egon      |   18 | male   | 技术         |

|  2 | alex      |   48 | female | 人力资源     |

|  3 | wupeiqi   |   38 | male   | 人力资源     |

|  4 | yuanhao   |   28 | female | 销售         |

|  5 | liwenzhou |   18 | male   | 技术         |

+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+

2 外链接之左连接：优先显示左表全部记录

#以左表为准，即找出所有员工信息，当然包括没有部门的员工

#本质就是：在内连接的基础上增加左边有右边没有的结果

mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name

from employee left join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;

+----+------------+--------------+

| id | name | depart_name |

+----+------------+--------------+

| 1 | egon | 技术 |

| 5 | liwenzhou | 技术 |

| 2 | alex | 人力资源 |

| 3 | wupeiqi | 人力资源 |

| 4 | yuanhao | 销售 |

| 6 | jingliyang | NULL |

+----+------------+--------------+

3 外链接之右连接：优先显示右表全部记录

#以右表为准，即找出所有部门信息，包括没有员工的部门

#本质就是：在内连接的基础上增加右边有左边没有的结果

mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name

from employee right join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;

+------+-----------+--------------+

| id | name | depart_name |

+------+-----------+--------------+

| 1 | egon | 技术 |

| 2 | alex | 人力资源 |

| 3 | wupeiqi | 人力资源 |

| 4 | yuanhao | 销售 |

| 5 | liwenzhou | 技术 |

| NULL | NULL | 运营 |

+------+-----------+--------------+

4 全外链接：显示左右两个表的全部记录

全外连接：在内连接的基础上增加左边有右边没有的和右边有左边没有的结果

#注意：mysql不支持全外连接 full JOIN

#强调：mysql可以使用此种方式间接实现全外连接

select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id = department.id

union

select * from employee right join department on employee.dep_id = department.id

;

#查看结果

+------+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+

| id | name | sex | age | dep_id | id | name |

+------+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+

| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |

| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |

| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |

| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |

| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 202 | 销售 |

| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 | NULL | NULL |

| NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 203 | 运营 |

+------+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+

#注意 union与union all的区别：union会去掉相同的纪录

子查询

#1：子查询是将一个查询语句嵌套在另一个查询语句中。

#2：内层查询语句的查询结果，可以为外层查询语句提供查询条件。

#3：子查询中可以包含：IN、NOT IN、ANY、ALL、EXISTS 和 NOT EXISTS等关键字

#4：还可以包含比较运算符：= 、 !=、> 、

1 带IN关键字的子查询

#查询employee表，但dep_id必须在department表中出现过

select * from employee

where dep_id in

(select id from department);

2 带比较运算符的子查询

#比较运算符：=、!=、>、>=、

#查询平均年龄在25岁以上的部门名

select id,name from department

where id in

(select dep_id from employee group by dep_id having avg(age) > 25);

#查看技术部员工姓名

select name from employee

where dep_id in

(select id from department where name='技术');

#查看不足1人的部门名

select name from department

where id in

(select dep_id from employee group by dep_id having count(id) <=1);

3 带EXISTS关键字的子查询

EXISTS关字键字表示存在。在使用EXISTS关键字时，内层查询语句不返回查询的记录。 而是返回一个真假值。True或False 当返回True时，外层查询语句将进行查询；当返回值为False时，外层查询语句不进行查询

#department表中存在dept_id=203，Ture

mysql> select * from employee

-> where exists

-> (select id from department where id=200);

+----+------------+--------+------+--------+

| id | name | sex | age | dep_id |

+----+------------+--------+------+--------+

| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 |

| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 |

| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 |

| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 |

| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 |

| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 |

+----+------------+--------+------+--------+

#department表中存在dept_id=205，False

mysql> select * from employee

-> where exists

-> (select id from department where id=204);

Empty set (0.00 sec)