python库怎么绘画_python如何画出漂亮的地图？

推荐一个超好用的python包folium, 专门用于地理数据可视化，官方英文教程教程点击这里，查看本文源代码请点击这里。

使用方法很简单，操作如下：导入包，创建一副世界地图

import folium

import pandas as pd

# define the world map

world_map = folium.Map()

# display world map

world_map

2. 输入经纬度，尺度，在这里我们以旧金山（37.7749° N, 122.4194° W）为例。

# San Francisco latitude and longitude values

latitude = 37.77

longitude = -122.42

# Create map and display it

san_map = folium.Map(location=[latitude, longitude], zoom_start=12)

# Display the map of San Francisco

san_map

更改地图显示，默认为'OpenStreetMap'风格，我们还可以选择'Stamen Terrain', 'Stamen Toner'等。

# Create map and display it

san_map = folium.Map(location=[latitude, longitude], zoom_start=12,tiles='Stamen Toner')

3. 读取数据集（旧金山犯罪数据集）

# Read Dataset

cdata = pd.read_csv('https://cocl.us/sanfran_crime_dataset')

cdata.head()

4. 在地图上显示前200条犯罪数据

# get the first 200 crimes in the cdata

limit = 200

data = cdata.iloc[0:limit, :]

# Instantiate a feature group for the incidents in the dataframe

incidents = folium.map.FeatureGroup()

# Loop through the 200 crimes and add each to the incidents feature group

for lat, lng, in zip(cdata.Y, data.X):

incidents.add_child(

folium.CircleMarker(

[lat, lng],

radius=7, # define how big you want the circle markers to be

color='yellow',

fill=True,

fill_color='red',

fill_opacity=0.4

)

)

# Add incidents to map

san_map = folium.Map(location=[latitude, longitude], zoom_start=12)

san_map.add_child(incidents)

5. 添加地理标签

# add pop-up text to each marker on the map

latitudes = list(data.Y)

longitudes = list(data.X)

labels = list(data.Category)

for lat, lng, label in zip(latitudes, longitudes, labels):

folium.Marker([lat, lng], popup=label).add_to(san_map)

# add incidents to map

san_map.add_child(incidents)

6. 统计区域犯罪总数

from folium import plugins

# let's start again with a clean copy of the map of San Francisco

san_map = folium.Map(location = [latitude, longitude], zoom_start = 12)

# instantiate a mark cluster object for the incidents in the dataframe

incidents = plugins.MarkerCluster().add_to(san_map)

# loop through the dataframe and add each data point to the mark cluster

for lat, lng, label, in zip(data.Y, data.X, cdata.Category):

folium.Marker(

location=[lat, lng],

icon=None,

popup=label,

).add_to(incidents)

# add incidents to map

san_map.add_child(incidents)

7. 读取geojson文件，可视化旧金山市10个不同Neighborhood的边界

import json

import requests

url = 'https://cocl.us/sanfran_geojson'

san_geo = f'{url}'

san_map = folium.Map(location=[37.77, -122.4], zoom_start=12)

folium.GeoJson(

san_geo,

style_function=lambda feature: {

'fillColor': '#ffff00',

'color': 'black',

'weight': 2,

'dashArray': '5, 5'

}

).add_to(san_map)

#display map

san_map

8. 统计每个区域的犯罪事件数目

# Count crime numbers in each neighborhood

disdata = pd.DataFrame(cdata['PdDistrict'].value_counts())

disdata.reset_index(inplace=True)

disdata.rename(columns={'index':'Neighborhood','PdDistrict':'Count'},inplace=True)

disdata

9. 创建Choropleth Map （颜色深浅代表各区犯罪事件数目）

m = folium.Map(location=[37.77, -122.4], zoom_start=12)

folium.Choropleth(

geo_data=san_geo,

data=disdata,

columns=['Neighborhood','Count'],

key_on='feature.properties.DISTRICT',

#fill_color='red',

fill_color='YlOrRd',

fill_opacity=0.7,

line_opacity=0.2,

highlight=True,

legend_name='Crime Counts in San Francisco'

).add_to(m)

m

10. 创建热力图

from folium.plugins import HeatMap

# let's start again with a clean copy of the map of San Francisco

san_map = folium.Map(location = [latitude, longitude], zoom_start = 12)

# Convert data format

heatdata = data[['Y','X']].values.tolist()

# add incidents to map

HeatMap(heatdata).add_to(san_map)

san_map

本文源代码Jupyter notebook地址：Jupyter Notebook Viewer​nbviewer.jupyter.org

GitHub下载地址：gaonanlee/Visualization-Practice​github.com

最后，folium还可以用来创建动态热力图，动态路径图等，具体可参考Medium上的这篇文章。

实现效果如下图所示 (直接从Medium上抱过来的图，详细代码请点击上述链接）。

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