centos安装python环境_CentOS搭建python环境 | Running Snail

前言

最近一直捯饬服务器，总在配置运行环境，这里记录一下，避免以后再捯饬又得到处查。我一直用 ubuntu，感觉软件管理工具还是挺好用的，但服务器用的是 CentOS 系统，在软件的安装方面，感觉没有 ubuntu 来的方便(主要是软件比较老旧，如 python 版本还是 2.6 的)。

安装开发包组升级操作系统：

update system

yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y

yum update -y

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yumgroupinstall"Development Tools"-y

yumupdate-y

编译安装 Git

安装编译 git 需要用要的库：

安装编译git依赖库

yum install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel

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yuminstallcurl-develexpat-develgettext-developenssl-develzlib-devel

在 github 上下载源码(Download Zip)，scp 到远端服务器上，unzip 以后，进入 git 目录，执行:

编译git

autoconf

./configure

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autoconf

./configure

出错:

编译git出错

/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL PREFIX='/usr/local' INSTALL_BASE='' --localedir='/usr/local/share/locale'

Can't locate ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at Makefile.PL line 3.

BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at Makefile.PL line 3.

make[1]: *** [perl.mak] Error 2

make: *** [perl/perl.mak] Error 2

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/usr/bin/perlMakefile.PLPREFIX='/usr/local'INSTALL_BASE=''--localedir='/usr/local/share/locale'

Can'tlocateExtUtils/MakeMaker.pmin@INC(@INCcontains:/usr/local/lib64/perl5/usr/local/share/perl5/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/usr/lib64/perl5/usr/share/perl5.)atMakefile.PLline3.

BEGINfailed--compilationabortedatMakefile.PLline3.

make[1]:***[perl.mak]Error2

make:***[perl/perl.mak]Error2

网上搜了一下:

安装perl

yum install perl-devel

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yuminstallperl-devel

接着:

make again

make

make install

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make

makeinstall

python环境

Check out pyenv where you want it installed. A good place to choose is $HOME/.pyenv (but you can install it somewhere else).

安装pyenv

git clone https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv

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gitclonehttps://github.com/yyuu/pyenv.git~/.pyenv

Define environment variable PYENV_ROOT to point to the path where pyenv repo is cloned and add $PYENV_ROOT/bin to your $PATH for access to the pyenv command-line utility.

Zsh note: Modify your ~/.zshenv file instead of ~/.bash_profile. Ubuntu note: Modify your ~/.bashrc file instead of ~/.bash_profile.

pyenv var

echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.bash_profile

echo 'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

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echo'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"'>>~/.bash_profile

echo'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"'>>~/.bash_profile

Add pyenv init to your shell to enable shims and autocompletion. Please make sure eval "$(pyenv init -)" is placed toward the end of the shell configuration file since it manipulates PATH during the initialization.

Zsh note: Modify your ~/.zshenv file instead of ~/.bash_profile. Ubuntu note: Modify your ~/.bashrc file instead of ~/.bash_profile.

pyenv init

echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profile

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echo'eval "$(pyenv init -)"'>>~/.bash_profile

Restart your shell so the path changes take effect. You can now begin using pyenv.

exec shell

exec $SHELL

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exec$SHELL

实际发现，source ~/.bash_profile 更好用(执行上面的命令，没有生效)

安装 python 依赖库文件

python依赖库文件

sudo yum install readline readline-devel readline-static

sudo yum install openssl openssl-devel openssl-static

sudo yum install sqlite-devel

sudo yum install bzip2-devel bzip2-libs

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sudoyuminstallreadlinereadline-develreadline-static

sudoyuminstallopensslopenssl-developenssl-static

sudoyuminstallsqlite-devel

sudoyuminstallbzip2-develbzip2-libs

安装python

pyenv install --list 查看有那些 python 版本可以安装，选择一个安装即可:

install python

pyenv install 2.7.11

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pyenvinstall2.7.11

安装 lxml

install lxml

yum install libxslt-devel

pip install lxml

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yuminstalllibxslt-devel

pipinstalllxml

安装 scrapy

install cffi

sudo yum install gcc libffi-devel

pip install scrapy

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sudoyuminstallgcclibffi-devel

pipinstallscrapy