java 多线程性能_多线程Java应用程序的性能

我想了解多线程环境中的性能。为此,我编写了一个在我的计算机上运行的小测试(四核Intel、Windows XP、Sun JDK 1.6.0 U 20),结果令人惊讶。

测试基本上是一个线程安全计数器,使用

synchronized

关键字或显式锁。代码如下:

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class SynchronizedPerformance {

static class Counter {

private static final int MAX = 1 << 24;

int count;

long lastLog = 0;

private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

private int incrementAndGet() {

count++;

if (count == MAX) {

long now = System.nanoTime();

if (lastLog != 0) {

long elapsedTime = now - lastLog;

System.out.printf("counting took %.2f ns\n", Double.valueOf((double)elapsedTime / MAX));

}

lastLog = now;

count = 0;

}

return count;

}

synchronized int synchronizedIncrementAndGet() {

return incrementAndGet();

}

int lockedIncrementAndGet() {

lock.lock();

try {

return incrementAndGet();

} finally {

lock.unlock();

}

}

}

static class SynchronizedCounterAccessor implements Runnable {

private final Counter counter;

public SynchronizedCounterAccessor(Counter counter) {

this.counter = counter;

}

@Override

public void run() {

while (true)

counter.synchronizedIncrementAndGet();

}

}

static class LockedCounterAccessor implements Runnable {

private final Counter counter;

public LockedCounterAccessor(Counter counter) {

this.counter = counter;

}

@Override

public void run() {

while (true)

counter.lockedIncrementAndGet();

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Counter counter = new Counter();

final int n = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);

final String mode = args[1];

if (mode.equals("locked")) {

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

new Thread(new LockedCounterAccessor(counter), "ca" + i).start();

} else if (mode.equals("synchronized")) {

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

new Thread(new SynchronizedCounterAccessor(counter), "ca" + i).start();

} else {

throw new IllegalArgumentException("locked|synchronized");

}

}

}

我做了以下观察:

java SynchronizedPerformance 1 synchronized

工作得很好,每一步大约需要15纳秒。

java SynchronizedPerformance 2 synchronized

干扰很大,每步大约需要150纳秒。

当我开始两个独立的过程

Java同步性能2同步

每一步大约需要100纳秒。也就是说,第二次启动流程会使第一次(和第二次)更快。

我不明白第三个观察结果。对于这种现象,有什么合理的解释?