linux命令之目录操作（二）

列出目录信息：ls

这个命令跟文件操作是类似的，ls后面跟目录名字，就会列出目录里面的内容，如果要更详细的信息，可以加上l参数

ls -l dirA

简单看下目录有什么内容：

[root@VM-0-14-centos /]# ls /etc/rc.d
init.d  rc  rc0.d  rc1.d  rc2.d  rc3.d  rc4.d  rc5.d  rc6.d  rc.local  rc.sysinit

查看详细的信息：

[root@VM-0-14-centos /]# ls -l /etc/rc.d
total 60
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jan 12  2022 init.d
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2617 Jun 20  2018 rc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jan 12  2022 rc0.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jan 12  2022 rc1.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jan 10 20:15 rc2.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jan 10 20:15 rc3.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jan 10 20:15 rc4.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jan 10 20:15 rc5.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jan 12  2022 rc6.d
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root   661 Jan 11 23:33 rc.local
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 20199 Jun 20  2018 rc.sysinit

目录切换：cd

这个命令的作用是把当前目录改变到你想要的目录

格式是 cd dir

[root@VM-0-14-centos /]# pwd
/
[root@VM-0-14-centos /]# cd etc
[root@VM-0-14-centos etc]# ls
acpi               cron.monthly             favicon.png       init            login.defs      networks       prelink.conf.d  redhat-release    shells              uuid
adjtime            crontab                  filesystems       init.conf       logrotate.conf  nfsmount.conf  printcap        request-key.conf  skel                vimrc
aliases            cron.weekly              fstab             init.d          logrotate.d     nsswitch.conf  profile         request-key.d     ssh                 virc
alternatives       crypttab                 gai.conf          inittab         lsb-release     ntp            profile.d       resolv.conf       ssl                 wgetrc
anacrontab         csh.cshrc                gcrypt            inputrc         lsb-release.d   ntp.conf       protocols       rpc               statetab            X11
at.deny            csh.login                gnupg             iproute2        lvm             ntp.conf.dist  qcloudzone      rpm               statetab.d          xdg
audisp             dbus-1                   group             iscsi           magic           openldap       rc              rsyslog.conf      sudo.conf           xinetd.d
audit              default                  group-            issue           mail.rc         opt            rc0.d           rsyslog.d         sudoers             yum
bash_completion.d  depmod.d                 grub.conf         issue.net       makedev.d       pam.d          rc1.d           rwtab             sudoers.d           yum.conf
bashrc             dhcp                     gshadow           kdump-adv-conf  man.config      passwd         rc2.d           rwtab.d           sudo-ldap.conf      yum.repos.d
blkid              DIR_COLORS               gshadow-          kdump.conf      mke2fs.conf     passwd-        rc3.d           sasl2             sysconfig
centos-release     DIR_COLORS.256color      gssapi_mech.conf  krb5.conf       modprobe.d      pkcs11         rc4.d           securetty         sysctl.conf
chkconfig.d        DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor  host.conf         ld.so.cache     motd            pki            rc5.d           security          sysctl.d
cloud              dracut.conf              hosts             ld.so.conf      mtab            plymouth       rc6.d           selinux           system-release
cron.d             dracut.conf.d            hosts.allow       ld.so.conf.d    multipath       pm             rc.d            services          system-release-cpe
cron.daily         environment              hosts.deny        libaudit.conf   my.cnf          popt.d         rc.local        sestatus.conf     terminfo
cron.deny          ethers                   idmapd.conf       libuser.conf    netconfig       postfix        rc.sysinit      shadow            udev
cron.hourly        exports  

目录复制：cp

这个命令其实跟文件复制是一样的，除了可以复制文件，还可以复制目录，但是要加参数r

cp -r dirA dirB

[root@VM-0-14-centos /]# cp -r etc etc.back
[root@VM-0-14-centos /]# ls etc.back/
acpi               cron.monthly             favicon.png       init            login.defs      networks       prelink.conf.d  redhat-release    shells              uuid
adjtime            crontab                  filesystems       init.conf       logrotate.conf  nfsmount.conf  printcap        request-key.conf  skel                vimrc
aliases            cron.weekly              fstab             init.d          logrotate.d     nsswitch.conf  profile         request-key.d     ssh                 virc
alternatives       crypttab                 gai.conf          inittab         lsb-release     ntp            profile.d       resolv.conf       ssl                 wgetrc
anacrontab         csh.cshrc                gcrypt            inputrc         lsb-release.d   ntp.conf       protocols       rpc               statetab            X11
at.deny            csh.login                gnupg             iproute2        lvm             ntp.conf.dist  qcloudzone      rpm               statetab.d          xdg
audisp             dbus-1                   group             iscsi           magic           openldap       rc              rsyslog.conf      sudo.conf           xinetd.d
audit              default                  group-            issue           mail.rc         opt            rc0.d           rsyslog.d         sudoers             yum
bash_completion.d  depmod.d                 grub.conf         issue.net       makedev.d       pam.d          rc1.d           rwtab             sudoers.d           yum.conf
bashrc             dhcp                     gshadow           kdump-adv-conf  man.config      passwd         rc2.d           rwtab.d           sudo-ldap.conf      yum.repos.d
blkid              DIR_COLORS               gshadow-          kdump.conf      mke2fs.conf     passwd-        rc3.d           sasl2             sysconfig
centos-release     DIR_COLORS.256color      gssapi_mech.conf  krb5.conf       modprobe.d      pkcs11         rc4.d           securetty         sysctl.conf
chkconfig.d        DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor  host.conf         ld.so.cache     motd            pki            rc5.d           security          sysctl.d
cloud              dracut.conf              hosts             ld.so.conf      mtab            plymouth       rc6.d           selinux           system-release
cron.d             dracut.conf.d            hosts.allow       ld.so.conf.d    multipath       pm             rc.d            services          system-release-cpe
cron.daily         environment              hosts.deny        libaudit.conf   my.cnf          popt.d         rc.local        sestatus.conf     terminfo
cron.deny          ethers                   idmapd.conf       libuser.conf    netconfig       postfix        rc.sysinit      shadow            udev
cron.hourly        exports                  img_version       localtime       NetworkManager  ppp            redhat-lsb      shadow-           updatedb.conf

查看当前目录：pwd

虽然操作系统会显示当前的工作路径，但是通常比较简单，一般就显示当前的文件夹，当然，你也可以配置系统文件，把当前文件显示全，但这样会占用太多的屏幕空间。

如果你要知道当前的工作目录，直接用pwd命令就可以了：

[root@VM-0-14-centos fs]# pwd
/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-754.35.1.el6.x86_64/fs

目录改名、移动：mv

这个跟文件操作是类似的

mv dirA dirB

如果都在当前目录，那么就会改名，否则就会移动整个目录

[root@VM-0-14-centos /]# mv etc.back/  etc.abc
[root@VM-0-14-centos /]# ls
bin  boot  data  dev  etc  etc.abc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  selinux  srv  sys  test.tar.bz2  tmp  usr  var

[root@VM-0-14-centos /]# mv etc.abc/ tmp
[root@VM-0-14-centos /]# cd tmp
[root@VM-0-14-centos tmp]# ls
8a6be2f9e39171ef24ae0f7757c5d095  disable_rt_runtime_share.log  nv_driver_install.log     nv_gpu_conf.log  testdir                  ydeye_install.log
cpuidle_support.log               etc.abc                       nvenc_ai_sdk_install.log  setRps.log       virtio_blk_affinity.log
cvm_init.log                      net_affinity.log              nvenc_ai_sdk_install.sh   stargate.lock    yddaemon.log

删除目录：rm

这个跟文件的操作类似，不过要加上r参数，表示递归操作。当你加了f参数，删除目录的时候要小心，特别是不要删除了根目录，因为这个参数不会任何提示，直接就删除你的东西，不加的话，还会提示一下你是否要删除。

[root@VM-0-14-centos tmp]# rm etc.abc
rm: cannot remove `etc.abc': Is a directory

[root@VM-0-14-centos tmp]# rm -r etc.abc
rm: descend into directory `etc.abc'? 

[root@VM-0-14-centos tmp]# rm -rf  etc.abc
[root@VM-0-14-centos tmp]# 
[root@VM-0-14-centos tmp]# ls
8a6be2f9e39171ef24ae0f7757c5d095  disable_rt_runtime_share.log  nvenc_ai_sdk_install.log  setRps.log     virtio_blk_affinity.log
cpuidle_support.log               net_affinity.log              nvenc_ai_sdk_install.sh   stargate.lock  yddaemon.log
cvm_init.log                      nv_driver_install.log         nv_gpu_conf.log           testdir        ydeye_install.log