计算机视觉、计算机图形学与图像处理概念辨析

计算机视觉、计算机图形学与图像处理概念辨析

在一次联系导师的过程中傻傻分不清楚这几个概念，血泪教训！！！在这里做一下总结，也为其他学子敲响警钟。

一、名词解释

计算机视觉（Computer Vision）简称CV

有时候老师会称之为vision，听到的时候应该明白是什么。
维基百科对其定义是：

Computer vision is a field that includes methods for acquiring, processing, analyzing, and understanding images and, in general, high-dimensional data from the real world in order to produce numerical or symbolic information, e.g., in the forms of decisions.

计算机图形学（Computer Graphics）简称CG

维基百科对其定义是：

Computer graphics is a sub-field of computer science which studies methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content. Although the term often refers to the study of three-dimensional computer graphics, it also encompasses two-dimensional graphics and image processing.

图像处理（Image Processing）简称IP

维基百科对其定义是：

In imaging science, image processing is processing of images using mathematical operations by using any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, such as a photograph or video frame; the output of image processing may be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image.

二、区别与联系

从输入输出的角度来看，这三者的区别就很明显了：

Computer Vision

输入的是图像或图像序列，通常来自相机、摄像头或视频文件。输出的是对于图像序列对应的真实世界的理解，比如检测人脸、识别车牌。

Computer Graphics

输入的是对虚拟场景的描述，通常为多边形数组，而每个多边形由三个顶点组成，每个顶点包括三维坐标、贴图坐标、rgb 颜色等。输出的是图像，即二维像素数组。

Digital Image Processing

输入的是图像，输出的也是图像。Photoshop 中对一副图像应用滤镜就是典型的一种图像处理。常见操作有模糊、灰度化、增强对比度等。