linux socket函数编程

 

服务器socket->bind->listlen->accept->write

在写这个服务器的代码过程中遇到很多容易出错的地方

1、serveraddr.sin_port = htons(portnumber);      这里一点记住是htons()函数，用htonl会出错，有大小端问题，端口号会变

2、if((newfd = accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)(&clientaddr),&addrlen)) == -1)一定不要写错漏掉括号

      if(newfd = accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)(&clientaddr),&addrlen) == -1)，这样子的话newfd就是1，造成accept返回值为1的假象。

3、addrlen = sizeof(clientaddr);这一行一定要，然后addrlen的地址给accept传进去，没这句，addrlen只初始化为0，得到的客户端地址是0.0.0.0

4、在accept函数中，传入的&clientaddr，是为了获得客户端的ip和端口号，注意这里的端口号和我们程序传进去的端口号不是一个，不要打印出来发现不同，纠结半天。这个端口号是客户端决定的。

服务器端代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>

int main(int argc,char*argv[])
{
    int sockfd = 0;
    int portnumber = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in clientaddr = {0};
    struct sockaddr_in serveraddr = {0};
    socklen_t addrlen = 0;
    int newfd = 0;
    char buf[] = "hello word"; //要发送的内容
    if(argc != 2)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Usage:%s portnumber\n",argv[0]);//stderr标准错误流
        exit(1);
    }

    if((portnumber = atoi(argv[1])) < 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Usage:%s portnumber\n",argv[0]);
        exit(1);
    }
    //第一步:socket套接字返回标识符
    if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0)) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Socket error:%s",strerror(errno));  
        exit(1);
    }
    //第二步:bind传入端口号,地址,地址族(ipv4或ipv6)
    bzero(&serveraddr,sizeof(serveraddr));    
    serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serveraddr.sin_port = htons(portnumber);
    serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("0.0.0.0");
    if(bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&serveraddr,sizeof(serveraddr)) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Bind error:%s",strerror(errno));  
        exit(1);
    }
    //第三步:侦听主机,并设置最大的可侦听数目
    if(listen(sockfd,5))
    { 
        fprintf(stderr,"Socket error:%s",strerror(errno));  
        exit(1);
    }
    //第四步:阻塞,等待主机接入
    bzero(&clientaddr,sizeof(clientaddr));
    addrlen = sizeof(clientaddr);//这个地方是一个坑,不能用初始化为0传,否则
                                 //地址和端口号都得不到
    if((newfd = accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)(&clientaddr),&addrlen)) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Accept error:%s",strerror(errno));  
        exit(1); 
    }
    printf("客户端地址:%s端口号:%d\n",
                inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr),ntohs(clientaddr.sin_port));
                
    if(write(newfd,buf,strlen(buf)) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Write error:%s",strerror(errno));  
        exit(1); 
    }
    printf("成功发送\n");
    close(newfd);
    close(sockfd);
    
}

客户端顺序socket->accept->read

客户端代码

 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>


int main(int argc,char*argv[])
{
    int sockfd = 0;
    int portnumber = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in clientaddr = {0};
    socklen_t addrlen = 0;
    int newfd = 0;
    char readbuf[100]={0};
    if(argc != 3)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Usage:%s hostaddress portnumber\n",argv[0]);
        exit(1);
    }

    if((portnumber = atoi(argv[2])) < 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Usage:%s hostaddress portnumber\n",argv[0]);
        exit(1);
    }
    //第一步:socket
    if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0)) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Socket error:%s",strerror(errno));  
        exit(1);
    }
    
    clientaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    clientaddr.sin_port = htons(portnumber);
    clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
    //printf("从地址%s\n",inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr));
    if(connect(sockfd,(const struct sockaddr*)&clientaddr,
                                                sizeof(clientaddr)) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Connect error:%s",strerror(errno));  
        exit(1); 
    }                          
    
    if(read(sockfd,readbuf,sizeof(readbuf)) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Read error:%s",strerror(errno));  
        exit(1);
    }

    printf("收到了%s\n",readbuf);

}

 服务器运行

root@ubuntu:/home/yong/c/3.14# ./ser 8009
客户端地址:192.168.12.128端口号:59744
accept: Success
newfd = 4
成功发送
root@ubuntu:/home/yong/c/3.14# 

 客户端运行

root@ubuntu:/home/yong/c/3.14# ./cli 192.168.12.128 8009
收到了hello word