Spring Framework学习之路（2）---IoC容器概览

1.2. Container overview

1.2. 容器概览

  The org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext interface represents the Spring IoC container and is responsible for instantiating, configuring, and assembling the beans. The container gets its instructions on what objects to instantiate, configure, and assemble by reading configuration metadata. The configuration metadata is represented in XML, Java annotations, or Java code. It lets you express the objects that compose your application and the rich interdependencies between those objects.
  org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext接口表示Spring IoC容器，并负责实例化，配置和组装Bean。容器通过读取配置元数据来获取有关要实例化，配置和组装哪些对象的指令。配置元数据以XML，Java注解或Java代码表示。它使您能够表达组成应用程序的对象以及这些对象之间的丰富相互依赖关系。

  Several implementations of the ApplicationContext interface are supplied out-of-the-box with Spring. In standalone applications it is common to create an instance of ClassPathXmlApplicationContext or FileSystemXmlApplicationContext. While XML has been the traditional format for defining configuration metadata you can instruct the container to use Java annotations or code as the metadata format by providing a small amount of XML configuration to declaratively enable support for these additional metadata formats
  .Spring提供了ApplicationContext接口的几种实现。在独立应用程序中，通常创建ClassPathXmlApplicationContext或FileSystemXmlApplicationContext的实例。尽管XML是定义配置元数据的传统格式，但是您可以通过提供少量XML配置来声明性地启用对这些其他元数据格式的支持，从而指示容器将Java注解或代码用作元数据格式。

  In most application scenarios, explicit user code is not required to instantiate one or more instances of a Spring IoC container. For example, in a web application scenario, a simple eight (or so) lines of boilerplate web descriptor XML in the web.xml file of the application will typically suffice (see Convenient ApplicationContext instantiation for web applications). If you are using theSpring Tool Suite Eclipse-powered development environment this boilerplate configuration can be easily created with few mouse clicks or keystrokes.
  在大多数应用场景中，不需要显式用户代码即可实例化一个Spring IoC容器的一个或多个实例。例如，在Web应用程序场景中，应用程序的web.xml文件中简单的八行（约）样板Web描述符XML通常就足够了（请参阅Web应用程序的便捷ApplicationContext实例化）。如果使用Spring Tool Suite（基于Eclipse的开发环境），则只需单击几次鼠标或击键即可轻松创建此样板配置。

  The following diagram shows a high-level view of how Spring works. Your application classes are combined with configuration metadata so that, after the ApplicationContext is created and initialized, you have a fully configured and executable system or application.
  下图显示了Spring的工作原理的高级视图。您的应用程序类与配置元数据结合在一起，以便在创建和初始化ApplicationContext之后，您将拥有一个完全配置且可执行的系统或应用程序。

Figure 1. The Spring IoC container
图1. Spring IoC容器