其他语言:连接器、绑定、binding
python语言:python Database API、DB-API
mysqldb是python2的包
python连接mysql
python3的包叫mysqlclient,加载的仍然是mysqldb
- pip install mysqlclient
- import MySQLdb
其他DB-API:
- pip install pymysql #流行度最高
- pip install mysql-connector-python #mysql官方
常用
使用ORM对象关系映射:
pip install sqlalchemy
win10+vmare16+centos7
navicat/python 连接数据库可能需要 systemctl stop firewalld
orm要求
1.继承Base
2.创建表 __tablename__
3.创建属性 需要创建对象 Column 至少一个 必须有主键
4.创建引擎
# ORM方式连接 MySQL 数据库
# pip3 install sqlalchemy
# !/usr/bin/python3
import pymysql
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Table, Column, Integer, String, MetaData, ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from datetime import datetime
from sqlalchemy import DateTime
# 打开数据库连接
# mysql> create database testdb;
# mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON testdb.* TO 'testuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'testpass';
#用户名是testuser
#密码是testpass
#1。第一步需要创建base
Base = declarative_base()
#2.表对象需要继承Base,需要有主键
class Book_table(Base):
__tablename__ = 'bookorm'
book_id = Column(Integer(),primary_key=True)
book_name = Column(String(50),index=True)
#这是pymysql的 没调通就不管了
# book_table=Table('book',metadata,
# Column('id',Integer,primary_key=True),
# Column('name',String(20)),
# )
class Author_table(Base):
__tablename__ = 'authororm'
user_id = Column(Integer(), primary_key=True)
username = Column(String(15), nullable=False, unique=True)
created_on = Column(DateTime(), default=datetime.now)
updated_on = Column(DateTime(), default=datetime.now, onupdate=datetime.now)
# 实例一个引擎
dburl = "mysql+pymysql://testuser:testpass@ip:3306/testdb?charset=utf8mb4"
engine = create_engine(dburl, echo=True, encoding="utf-8")
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)