基于Numpy的简单神经网络

前言

Numpy提供了n维数组对象和许多计算这些数组的函数。Numpy是一个通用的科学计算框架，但是它没有提供任何关于计算图、深度学习、梯度下降等的方法，给快速搭建神经网络带来了困难，我们可以使用Numpy来简单的搭建一个两层的神经网络，该网络具有前向传递和反向传播。

案例

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np

# N is batch size; D_in is input dimension;
# H is hidden dimension; D_out is output dimension.
N, D_in, H, D_out = 64, 1000, 100, 10

# Create random input and output data
x = np.random.randn(N, D_in)  # 64*1000
y = np.random.randn(N, D_out)  # 64*10

# Randomly initialize weights
w1 = np.random.randn(D_in, H) # 1000*100
w2 = np.random.randn(H, D_out) #100*10

learning_rate = 1e-6
for t in range(500):
    # Forward pass: compute predicted y
    h = x.dot(w1) # dot()返回的是两个数组的点积(dot product) 64*100
    h_relu = np.maximum(h, 0) # X和Y逐位进行比较,选择最大值,最少接受两个参数 # 64*100
    y_pred = h_relu.dot(w2) # 64*10

    # # Compute and print loss
    loss = np.square(y_pred - y).sum() # a num
    print(t, loss)

    # # Backprop to compute gradients of w1 and w2 with respect to loss
    grad_y_pred = 2.0 * (y_pred - y) # 64*10
    grad_w2 = h_relu.T.dot(grad_y_pred) # 100*10
    grad_h_relu = grad_y_pred.dot(w2.T) # 64*100
    grad_h = grad_h_relu.copy() 
    grad_h[h < 0] = 0  # 64*100
    grad_w1 = x.T.dot(grad_h) # 1000*100

    # Update weights
    w1 -= learning_rate * grad_w1
    w2 -= learning_rate * grad_w2