英语基础－简单句

1. 简单句

汉语与英语句子结构的差别

中文：重意

我妈妈是一名护士，她很爱我，天天给我做饭。

英文：重形

My mom,a nurse,who loves me a lot,cooks for me on a daily basis.

英语的表达，就像一棵树一样，先有树杆，然后就树枝，也就是先表达主要部分，后面用其它的来不断修饰主要部分。

2. 主谓宾是什么？

I love you.

I =>发出动作，主语

love=>动作，谓语

you=>承受动作，宾语

试试看 ：找出下面句子的主谓宾

1. 我们不曾守护爱我们的亲人。

主语=>我们，谓语=>不曾守护（情态动词可和动词划一起作为谓语），宾语=>亲人

2. 我想起那天夕阳下的奔跑，那是我逝去的青春。

主语=>我，谓语=>想起，宾语=>奔跑（动名词）

3. 我们的父母总是老得那么快。

主语=>父母，谓语=>老

3. 汉语句子和英语句子的区别

3.1. 汉语句子

1. 碗洗了没？ =>没有主语

2. 洗了！=>没有主语和宾语

3.我今年18。=>没有谓语

3.你真好看。=>没有谓语

5. 我要走了。=>没有宾语

3.2. 英语句子

1. 我的中文说的很好。

I speak Chinese well.

主语=>I , 谓语=>speak，宾语=>Chinese

2. 回家要好好做作业。

You should do your homework well at home.

主语=>You，谓语=>should do，宾语=>homework

3. 我的书找不到。

I can't find my book.

主语=>I，谓语=>can't find，宾语=>my book

4.上课要好好听讲。

Kids should listen to teacher carefully in class.

主语=>Kids ，谓语=>should listen，宾语=>teacher

3.3. 英语句子的总结

英语句子必须要有主语和谓语，主语是谓语动作的发出者，如果有宾语的话，宾语应该是谓语动作的承受者。

3.4. 判断下列各项是否是英语句子

1. I buy for you.

缺宾语，表达不完整，修改如下：

I buy a bag for you

2. She can run.

主谓结构，正确

3. He spends with his girlfriend.

缺宾语，表达不完整，修改如下：

He spends a good day with his girlfriend.

4. I have.

有主语，有谓语，但单独表达会不清晰，修改如下：

I have nothing.

4. 英语句子的基本句型

1. I live. =>主谓

2. I love you. =>主谓宾

3. I am happy. =>主系表

4. I give you a kiss. =>主谓宾宾

5. You make me happy. =>主谓宾补

4.1. 基本句型—主谓

1. I run. =>正确

2. She die. =>She died

3. He cry. =>He cries || He cried

4. 我赢得了比赛，我爸爸笑了。=> I won thie game，and my dad laughed.

4.2. 基本句型—主谓宾 / 主系表

主谓宾与主系表谓语动词不同，主谓宾的谓语一定是实义动词， 主谓表的谓语一定是系动词。

常见的系动词如下：

状态：be动词

表象：seem, appear

保持：keep, stay, remain, stand

感官 : look, sound, taste, smell, feel

变化：get, become, turn, grow, fall

终止：prove

上面黄色颜色的词不仅是系动词，也是实义动词。

试试看：判断下列句中动词是系动词还是实义动词

1. I keep a cat. =>实义动词

2. The girl keeps beautiful. =>系动词

3. The sky stays cloudy. =>系动词

4. He stays with his girlfriend. =>实义动词

5. The boy grew up in the country. =>实义动词

6. My T-shirt grows dirty. =>系动词

试试看：判断下列句子是什么结构

1. The government formulates a new law. =>主谓宾

2. He accumulates a lot of experience here. =>主谓宾

3. I anticipate a major problem. =>主谓宾

4.3. 基本句型 —主谓双宾

I   give  you   a  kiss.

主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语

1. He awards me a gift.

2. They pass him a banana.

3. She tells us her secret.

4. I show them a new book.

5. My father buys me a cake.

间接宾语一般都是人，直接宾语一般都是物。

4.4. 基本句型 —主谓宾补

You make me happy.

主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语

1. Our teacher makes him our monitor. 补语=>名词

2. We should keep our parents happy. 补语=>形容词

3. My mother asks me to run. 补语=>不定式

4. I see a girl crying. 补语=>现在分词

5. I have my job done. 补语=>过去分词

4.5. 双宾与宾补的判别 

1.主谓双宾常见结构

1. give sb. sth.

2. offer sb. sth.

3. send sb. sth.

4. teach sb. sth.  

5. tell sb. sth.

2. 主谓宾宾补常见结构

1. ask sb. to do

2. help sb. do

3. see sb. do/doing

4. have sb./sth. done

5. get  sb./sth. done

3. 双宾与宾补的判别

1. He gives me a candy. =>双宾

2. I buy my dad a new bag. =>双宾

3. The teacher asks me to do my homework. =>宾补

4. The naughty cat makes me angry. =>宾补

在宾宾或是宾补中间加个be动词，如果逻辑上通顺就是宾补，否则就是双宾。

4. 双宾与宾补的判别的练习

1.  You prove right. =>主系表

2.  She sleeps in the room. =>主谓

3.  We make him our chairman. =>主谓宾宾补

4.  My mom asks me to do the dishes. =>主谓宾宾补

5.  Children should finish their homework on time. =>主谓宾

6.  He appears an industrious boy. =>主系表

7.  These peasants live in a small town. =>主谓

8.  I go to school on foot. =>主谓宾

9.  My secretary has my documents mailed. =>主谓宾

5. 作业

作业1： 判断下列句子主谓宾并翻译下列句子

1. 他的英语讲的很棒。

He speaks English well.

2. 我的碗洗好了。

I did the dishes.

3. 妈妈叫我去吃饭。

My mother asks me to have dinner.

4. 小红的爷爷在公园里面跑步.

Hong's grandfather runs in the park.

5. 下班要早点回家.

You should go home after work.

作业2： 写出下列句子中的系动词

1. 我很美 =>am

2. 我似乎很美 =>seem  appear

3. 我变得很美 =>grow  fall  get  turn  become

4. 我仍然很美 =>stay  stand   keep  remain

5. 我到底很美 =>prove

6. 我各方面很美 =>look  sound  smell  taste  feel

作业3：分析下列句子的句型

1.  My job is to load goods. =>主系表

2.  Children should stay with their parents. =>主谓

3.  This dish tastes wonderful. =>主系表

4.  Ming shows me his new shirt. =>主谓宾宾

5.  I like this book. =>主谓宾

6.  She often runs in the morning. =>主谓

7.  The story in this book makes me happy. =>主谓宾宾补

8. The never answer my question. =>主谓宾

9.  I got my house painted. =>主谓宾宾补

10.  We should keep our parents happy. =>主谓宾宾补

一个是名词一个是形容词时，必定是宾和宾补结构。