第6章 用流收集数据

第6章 用流收集数据

6.1 收集器简介

你只需指出希望的结果 —— “做什么”，而不用操心执行的步骤 —— “如何做”

6.1.1 收集器用做高级规约

对流调用collect方法将对流中的元素触发一个规约操作。

6.1.2 预定义收集器

注意：Colletors实用类

• 将流元素规约和汇总为一个值。
• 元素分组
• 元素分区

6.2 规约和汇总

import static java.util.stream.Collectors.*;

• Collectors.counting
• stream().count

6.2.1 查找流中的最大值和最小值

• Collectors.maxBy
• Collectors.minBy

6.2.2 汇总

• Collectors.summingInt
• Collectors.summingLong
• Collectors.summingDouble
• Collectors.averagingInt
• Collectors.averagingLong
• Collectors.averagingDouble
• Collectors.summarizingInt
• Collectors.summarizingLong
• Collectors.summarizingDouble

6.2.3 连接字符串

• Collectors.joining

6.2.4 广义的归约汇总

• 对比：收集和归约的不同
• 收集器，都是一个可以用reducing工厂方法定义的归约过程的特殊情况。
• Collectors.reducing工厂方法是所有这些特殊情况的一般化。

Stream().reduce与Collectors.reduce不同的参数对比

Stream().reduce

     * @param identity the identity value for the combiner function
     * @param accumulator an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
     *                    function for incorporating an additional element into a result
     * @param combiner an <a href="package-summary.html#Associativity">associative</a>,
     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#NonInterference">non-interfering</a>,
     *                    <a href="package-summary.html#Statelessness">stateless</a>
     *                    function for combining two values, which must be
     *                    compatible with the accumulator function
     * @return the result of the reduction
    <U> U reduce(U identity,
                 BiFunction<U, ? super T, U> accumulator,
                 BinaryOperator<U> combiner);

Collectors.reduce

     * @param identity the identity value for the reduction (also, the value
     *                 that is returned when there are no input elements)
     * @param mapper a mapping function to apply to each input value
     * @param op a {@code BinaryOperator<U>} used to reduce the mapped values
     * @return a {@code Collector} implementing the map-reduce operation
    public static <T, U>
    Collector<T, ?, U> reducing(U identity,
                                Function<? super T, ? extends U> mapper,
                                BinaryOperator<U> op) {
        return new CollectorImpl<>(
                boxSupplier(identity),
                (a, t) -> { a[0] = op.apply(a[0], mapper.apply(t)); },
                (a, b) -> { a[0] = op.apply(a[0], b[0]); return a; },
                a -> a[0], CH_NOID);
    }

sum的4中方案对比

stream.collect(Collectors.reducing(0, n -> 1, Integer::sum));

stream.collect(Collectors.counting);

stream.reduce(Integer::sum);

stream.mapToInt(n -> n).sum();

根据情况选择最佳解决方案，上面最优方案可能是第4个，IntStream.sum()

6.3 分组 groupingBy

6.3.1 多级分组

嵌套groupingBy

6.3.2 按子组收集数据

groupingBy(Dish::getType, counting())

groupingBy(Dish::getType, toList())

groupingBy(Dish::getType, maxBy(comparingInt(Dish::getCalories))

1. 把收集器的结果转换另一种类型 collectingAndThen

groupingBy(Dish::getType, 
    collectingAndThen(maxBy(comparingInt(Dish::getCalories)),
    Optional::get));

1. 与groupingBy联合使用的其他收集器的例子

• summingInt

    groupingBy(Dish::getType, summingInt(Dish::getCalories))

• mapping

    groupingBy(Dish::getType, 
        mapping(Dish::getCaloryType, toSet())
    )
    
    groupingBy(Dish::getType, 
        mapping(Dish::getCaloryType, toCollection(HashSet::new))
    )

6.4 分区 partitioningBy

partitioningBy(Dish::isVegetarian, groupingBy(Dish::getType))

partitioningBy(Dish::isVegetarian, 
    collectionAndThen(
        maxBy(comparingInt(Dish::getCalories)), Optional::get)
    ))

6.4.2 将数字按质数和非质数分区[P128]

partitioningBy

Collectors类的静态工厂方法

• collect(toList())
• collect(toSet())
• collect(toCollection(), ArrayList::new)
• collect(counting())
• collect(summingInt(Dish::getCalories))
• collect(averagingInt(Dish::getCalories))
• collect(summarizingInt(Dish::getCalories))
• collect(joining(", "))
• collect(maxBy(comparingInt(Dish::getCalories)))
• collect(minBy(comparingInt(Dish::getCalories)))
• collect(reducing(0, Dish::getCalories, Integer::sum))
• collect(collectingAndThen(toList(), List::size))
• collect(groupingBy(Dish::getType))
• collect(partitioningBy(Dish::isVegetarian))

6.5 收集器接口[*]

public interface Collector<T, A, R> {

    // 建立新的结果容器
    Supplier<A> supplier();

    // 将元素添加到结果容器
    BiConsumer<A, T> accumulator();

    // 合并两个结果容器(并行归约)
    BinaryOperator<A> combiner();

    //  将结果容器应用最终转换
    Function<A, R> finisher();

    // 返回不可变的收集器行为枚举
    Set<Characteristics> characteristics();

    enum Characteristics {
        CONCURRENT,
        UNORDERED,
        IDENTITY_FINISH
    }
}

6.5.2 全部融合到一起[P134]

可以看看

6.6 开发你自己的收集器以获得更好的性能[P135]

值得看看