mmap使用

linux进程虚拟地址空间中存在一段称为mmap的内存区，当申请用户内存较大时，如大于128kb，系统一般会通过mmap系统调用直接映射一片内存区，使用结束后再通过ummap系统调用归还。关于mmap的原理网上有很多文档，这里不再赘述，主要给出驱动程序如何编写mmap函数，并通过缺页异常形式进行具体页的映射，具体参考这位博主：
https://blog.csdn.net/xxxxxlllllxl/article/details/17303231，
博文中使用kmalloc分配内存，在物理地址上连续，这里使用vmalloc开辟一段连续线性地址空间进行mmap

驱动程序：

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#define CHR_DEV_NAME "my_chr_dev"


 
static struct cdev chr_dev; 
static dev_t ndev;
char * addr;
#define VMALLOC_SIZE PAGE_SIZE	//映射一页至用户空间
typedef struct {
	char buf[100];
	int  num;
}map_t;

map_t *pmap;

char map_char[10]={};

static int chr_open(struct inode *nd, struct file *filp)
{
	//int a = PAGE_SIZE;
	int major = MAJOR(nd->i_rdev);
	int minor = MINOR(nd->i_rdev);
	printk("chr_open,major=%d,minor=%d\n",major,minor);
	return 0;
}
 
static ssize_t chr_read(struct file *f, char __user *u, size_t sz, loff_t *off)
{
	printk("In the chr_read() function!\n");
	return 0;
}
static int eccdev_vma_fault(
        //struct vm_area_struct *vma, //此参数在高版本内核不存在
        struct vm_fault *vmf /**< Fault data. */
        )
{
	printk("go to mmap\n");
	unsigned long offset = (vmf->pgoff )<<  PAGE_SHIFT;//虚拟地址偏移
	struct page *page;
	printk("offset = %lu\n",offset);

	page = vmalloc_to_page(addr+offset);//将虚拟地址转为实际物理页面
	if(!page)

	{
		printk("page error\n");
		return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
	}
	
	get_page(page);		//获取实际物理页面
	vmf->page = page;
	return 0;
}
    
struct vm_operations_struct chr_vm_ops = {

    .fault = eccdev_vma_fault,

};
 
static int chr_mmap(struct file *filp, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
	printk("mmap \n");
	vma->vm_ops = &chr_vm_ops;
    vma->vm_flags |= VM_DONTDUMP; /* Pages will not be swapped out */
  //  vma->vm_private_data = priv;
	return 0;
}
struct file_operations chr_ops = 
{
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.open = chr_open,
	.read = chr_read,
	.mmap = chr_mmap
};
 
static int demo_init(void)
{
	int ret;
	addr = (char *)vmalloc(VMALLOC_SIZE);    //调用vmalloc( )分配一段内存区间
	if( addr == NULL )
	printk("vmalloc failed! \n");
	else
	{
	printk("vmalloc successfully! addr = 0x%lx\n", (unsigned long)addr);
	}
	sprintf(addr,"nihaolinux , this is a mmap test");
	printk("addr=%s\n",addr);
	/*pmap = kmalloc(sizeof(map_t),GFP_KERNEL);
	if(!pmap)
	{	
		printk("kmalloc failed\n");
		return -ENOMEM;
	}
	sprintf(pmap->buf,"hello");
	pmap->num = 111;
	sprintf(map_char,"nihao");*/
	cdev_init(&chr_dev,&chr_ops);
	ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&ndev, 0, 1, CHR_DEV_NAME);
	if(ret < 0)
		return ret;
	printk("demo_init():major=%d,minor=%d\n", MAJOR(ndev),MINOR(ndev));
	ret = cdev_add(&chr_dev, ndev, 1);
	if(ret < 0)
		return ret;
	return 0;
}
 
static void demo_exit(void)
{
	vfree(addr);
	printk("Removing chr_dev module...\n");
	cdev_del(&chr_dev);
	unregister_chrdev_region(ndev, 1);
}
 
module_init(demo_init);
module_exit(demo_exit);
 
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Xuhongzhi");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A char device driver as an example");

用户程序：

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
#define DEVICE_FILENAME "/dev/my_chr_dev"
 
int main()
{
    int fd;
    char *ptrdata = NULL;
    fd = open(DEVICE_FILENAME, O_RDWR|O_NDELAY);
 
  if(fd >= 0)
    {
        ptrdata=(char*)mmap(0,
                4096,
                PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                MAP_SHARED,
                fd,
                0);
       // memcpy(ptrdata,"hihi",3);
        printf("%s \n", ptrdata);
        munmap(ptrdata, 4096);
      /*ptrdata=(char*)mmap(0,
                4096,
                PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                MAP_SHARED,
                fd,
                4096);
            
        printf("%s", ptrdata);
        munmap(ptrdata, 4096);*/
 
        close(fd);
   }
    return 0;
}

运行结果