Java GUI

awt包：

GUI元素由java类来实现

核心类：

Component（抽象类）：代表图形元素

Container: 容纳其他图形元素的容器

一般Component对象需要放在Container中才可以显示

布局管理器：

通过setLayout方法设置不同的布局管理器：

布局管理器可以互相嵌套

事件监听：

针对不同事件需要实现不同接口

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class TestEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame f = new Frame("GUI");
        Button b = new Button("Button");

        Monitor m = new Monitor();
        b.addActionListener(m);\
        //对按钮元素进行监听
        
        f.add(b);
        f.pack();
        f.setVisible(true);
        
    }
}

class Monitor implements ActionListener {
    //监听器实现接口
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //将事件信息封装为对象，传入接口方法
        System.out.println("Hello");
    }
}

TextField类：文本输入框

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class TestText {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame();
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame {
    MyFrame() {
        TextField tf = new TextField();
        add(tf);
        tf.addActionListener(new TFActionListener());
        //tf.setEchoChar('*');
        //设置回显字符
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

class TFActionListener implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent e) {
        TextField tf = (TextField) e.getSource();
        //读取事件信息，返回事件源对象，默认为Object，需要强制转换类型
        System.out.println(tf.getText());
        //读取事件源对象内容
        tf.setText("");
        //清空文本框
    }
}

持有对象引用：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class TestPlus {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        new PlusFrame().launchFrame();
    }
}

class PlusFrame extends Frame {
    TextField num1, num2, num3;
    
    public void launchFrame() {
        //运行frame

        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(15);

        Label plus = new Label("+");
        Button equal = new Button("=");
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        equal.addActionListener(new Monitor(this));
        
        add(num1);
        add(plus);
        add(num2);
        add(equal);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

class Monitor implements ActionListener {

    //方法1
    /*TextField n1, n2, n3;
    
    public Monitor(TextField n1, TextField n2, TextField n3) {
        this.n1 = n1;
        this.n2 = n2;
        this.n3 = n3;
    }
    */

    //方法2，更好
    PlusFrame pf = null;
    //持有对象引用,不需要引用对象内部的所有小对象
    
    public Monitor(PlusFrame pf) {
        this.pf = pf;
    }
    
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(pf.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(pf.num2.getText());
        pf.num3.setText("" + (n1 + n2));
    }
}

内部类：

好处：可以方便的访问包装类的变量和方法，避免内部类被其他无关类访问

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class TestInnerClass {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        new PlusFrame().launchFrame();
    }
}

class PlusFrame extends Frame {
    TextField num1, num2, num3;
    
    public void launchFrame() {

        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(15);

        Label plus = new Label("+");
        Button equal = new Button("=");
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        equal.addActionListener(new Monitor());
        
        add(num1);
        add(plus);
        add(num2);
        add(equal);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }

    //方法3
    class Monitor implements ActionListener {
        //内部类
        //可以访问外部的包装类
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText("" + (n1 + n2));
        }
    }
}

Graphics类：

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new PaintFrame().launchFrame();
    }
}

class PaintFrame extends Frame {
    public void launchFrame() {
        setBounds(200, 200, 400, 400);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //每次frame需要被重画时，paint方法会被自动调用
        //调用Graphics g这个画笔
        Color c = g.getColor();
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        g.fillOval(50, 50, 30, 30);
        g.setColor(Color.green);
        g.fillRect(80, 80, 40, 40);
        g.setColor(c);
    }
}

鼠标适配器：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;

public class TestMouse {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("TIRED");
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame {
    ArrayList<Point> point = null;
    MyFrame(String s) {
        super(s);
        point = new ArrayList<Point>();
        setLayout(null);
        setBounds(300, 300, 400, 400);
        this.setBackground(Color.white);
        setVisible(true);
        this.addMouseListener(new Monitor());
        //鼠标进行监听
    }

    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        Iterator<Point> i = point.iterator();
        while(i.hasNext()) {
            Point p = (Point) i.next();
            g.setColor(Color.black);
            g.fillOval(p.x, p.y, 5, 5);
        }
    }

    public void addPoint(Point p) {
        point.add(p);
    }
}

class Monitor extends MouseAdapter {
    //不实现MouseListener是为了避免实现所有方法
    public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
        MyFrame f = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
        //拿到事件源对象
        f.addPoint(new Point(e.getX(), e.getY()));
        f.repaint();
        //对当前frame进行重画，保证每次点击后都立即重画
        //内部先调用update，再调用paint
        
    }
}

Window事件：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class TestClose {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new CloseFrame("Close");
    }

}

class CloseFrame extends Frame {
    CloseFrame(String s) {
        super(s);
        setLayout(null);
        setBounds(300, 300, 400, 400);
        setVisible(true);
        //this.addWindowListener(new Monitor());

        //匿名类，new父类对象（实现了方法）
        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
                public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                    setVisible(false);
                    System.exit(0);
                }
            });
    }
    
    //内部类
    /*
    class Monitor extends WindowAdapter {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            setVisible(false);
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }
    */
}

Key事件：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class TestKey {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame().launchFrame();
    }
}

class KeyFrame extends Frame {
    public void launchFrame() {
        setSize(200, 200);
        setLocation(300, 300);
        setVisible(true);
        this.addKeyListener(new Monitor());
    }

    class Monitor extends KeyAdapter {
        public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
            int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
            if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
                System.out.println("UP");
            }
            if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) {
                System.out.println("DOWN");
            }
            if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) {
                System.out.println("LEFT");
            }
            if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) {
                System.out.println("RIGHT");
            }
        }
    }
}