Java学习笔记（十二）

Java学习笔记（十二）

最近用面向对象的思想做了一个账户管理软件的练习。

这个软件主要分为三个模块：

CustomerView为主模块，负责菜单的显示和处理用户操作。

CustomerList为Customer对象的管理模块，内部用数组管理一组Customer对象，并提供相应的添加、修改、删除和遍历方法，供CustomerView调用。

Customer为实体对象，用来封装客户信息。

Customer的设计

public class Customer {
	String name;
	char gender;
	int age;
	String phone;
	String email;
	public Customer() {
		
	}
	public Customer(String name,char gender,int age,String phone,String email) {
		this.name = name;
		this.gender = gender;
		this.age = age;
		this.phone = phone;
		this.email = email;
		
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public char getGender() {
		return gender;
	}
	public void setGender(char gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public String getPhone() {
		return phone;
	}
	public void setPhone(String phone) {
		this.phone = phone;
	}
	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}
	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}
	
}

CustomerList的设计

public class CustomerList {
	Customer[] customers;
	int total = 0;
	public CustomerList(int lengthCust) {
		customers = new Customer[lengthCust];
	}
//  添加客户
	public boolean addCustomer(Customer customer) {
		if (total >= customers.length) {
			return false;
		}else {
			customers[total] = customer;
			total++;
			return true;
		}
	}
	//替换客户
	public boolean replaceCustomer(int index,Customer cust) {
		if (index >= total || index < 0) {
			return false;
		}else {
			customers[index] = cust;
			return true;
		}
	}
	//删除客户
	public boolean deleteCustomer(int index) {
		if (index >= total) {
			return false;
		}else {
			for (int i = index; i < total - 1; i++) {
				customers[i] = customers[i+1];
			}
			customers[total-1] = null;
			total--;
			return true;	
		}
	}
	public Customer[] getAllCustomers() {
		Customer[] allCustomers = new Customer[total];
		for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) {
		allCustomers[i] = customers[i];	
		}
		return allCustomers;
	}
	public Customer getCustomer(int index) {
		return customers[index];
	}
	public int getTotal() {
		return total;
	}
//	以下是测试用的
//	public static void main(String[] args) {
//		CustomerList custl = new CustomerList(10);
//		Customer cust = new Customer("wantao",'男',45,"123123","12123");
//		custl.addCustomer(cust);
//		System.out.println(custl.getCustomer(0).name);
//		
//	}
}

CustomerView的设计

public class CustomerView {
	CustomerList customerList = new CustomerList(10);
//	以下被注释掉的是测试。。。。
//	public CustomerView() {
//	Customer customer = new Customer("王",'男',23,"123","123");
//	customerList.addCustomer(customer);
//	}

	public void enterMainMenu() {
		boolean isFlag = true;
		while(isFlag) {
			System.out.println("------------客户信息管理软件----------\n");
			System.out.println("            1 添加客户");
			System.out.println("            2 修改客户");
			System.out.println("            3 删除客户");
			System.out.println("            4 客户列表");
			System.out.println("            5 退        出\n");
			System.out.print("请选择（1-5）：");
			char sele = CMUtility.readMenuSelection();
			switch(sele) {
			case '1':
				addNewCustomer();
				break;
			case '2':
				modifyCustomer();
				break;
			case '3':
				deleteCustomer();
				break;
			case '4':
				listAllCustomers();
				break;
			case '5':
				System.out.println("确认是否退出(Y/N)");
				char isExit = CMUtility.readConfirmSelection();
				if (isExit == 'Y') {
					System.out.println("退出成功");
					isFlag = false;	
				}
			}

		}
	}
	private void addNewCustomer() {
		
		System.out.println("------------添加客户-----------");
		System.out.println("姓名：");
		String name = CMUtility.readString(10);
		System.out.println("性别：");
		char gender = CMUtility.readChar();
		System.out.println("年龄：");
		int age = CMUtility.readInt();
		System.out.println("电话：");
		String phone = CMUtility.readString(11);
		System.out.println("邮箱：");
		String email = CMUtility.readString(30);
		Customer cust = new Customer(name,gender,age,phone,email);
		boolean exer = customerList.addCustomer(cust);
		if (exer) {
			System.out.println("------------添加完成-----------");
		}else {
			System.out.println("------------添加失败-----------");
		}
		System.out.println(customerList.getCustomer(0).getAge());
	
	}
	private void modifyCustomer() {
		System.out.println("------------修改客户-----------");
		System.out.println("请选择待修改客户编号（-1）退出：");
		int number = CMUtility.readInt();
		if (number == -1) {
			return;
		}
		Customer cust = customerList.getCustomer(number-1);
		if (cust == null) {
			System.out.println("无此号人");
			return;
		}
		System.out.println("姓名（"+cust.name+"）：");
		String name = CMUtility.readString(10, cust.name);
		System.out.println("性别（"+cust.gender+"）：");
		char gender = CMUtility.readChar(cust.gender);
		System.out.println("年龄（"+cust.age+"）：");
		int age = CMUtility.readInt(cust.age);
		System.out.println("电话（"+cust.phone+"）：");
		String phone = CMUtility.readString(13, cust.phone);
		System.out.println("邮箱（"+cust.email+"）：");
		String email = CMUtility.readString(30, cust.email);
		Customer custReplace = new Customer(name,gender,age,phone,email);
		boolean isWork = customerList.replaceCustomer(number-1, custReplace);
//		customerList.getCustomer(number-1) = custReplace;
		if (isWork) {
			System.out.println("替换成功");
		}else {
			System.out.println("替换失败，无此用户");
		}
	}
	private void deleteCustomer() {
		System.out.println("------------删除客户-----------");
		System.out.println("请选择待删除客户编号（-1）退出：");
		int number = CMUtility.readInt();
		if (number == -1) {
			return;
		}
		System.out.print("确认是否删除（Y/N）:");
		char isDele = CMUtility.readConfirmSelection();
		if (isDele == 'Y') {
			boolean isWork = customerList.deleteCustomer(number - 1);
			if (isWork) {
				System.out.println("-----------删除完成----------");
			}else {
				System.out.println("-----------删除失败，无此客户---");
			}
		}
	}
	private void listAllCustomers() {
		System.out.println("------------客户列表-----------");
		System.out.println("编号"+"\t姓名"+"\t性别"+
		"\t年龄"+"\t电话"+"\t\t邮箱");
		Customer[] allc = customerList.getAllCustomers();
		for (int i = 0; i < allc.length; i++) {
//			System.out.println(allc.length);
			System.out.println((i+1)+"\t"+allc[i].getName()
			+"\t"+allc[i].getGender()+"\t"+
			allc[i].getAge()+"\t"+allc[i].getPhone()
			+"\t"+allc[i].getEmail());
		}
		System.out.println("------------客户列表完成-----------");
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		CustomerView customerView = new CustomerView();
		customerView.enterMainMenu();
	}
	
}

工具类：CMUtility

import java.util.*;
/**
CMUtility工具类：
将不同的功能封装为方法，就是可以直接通过调用方法使用它的功能，而无需考虑具体的功能实现细节。
*/
public class CMUtility {
    private static Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
    /**
	用于界面菜单的选择。该方法读取键盘，如果用户键入’1’-’5’中的任意字符，则方法返回。返回值为用户键入字符。
	*/
	public static char readMenuSelection() {
        char c;
        for (; ; ) {
            String str = readKeyBoard(1, false);
            c = str.charAt(0);
            if (c != '1' && c != '2' && 
                c != '3' && c != '4' && c != '5') {
                System.out.print("选择错误，请重新输入：");
            } else break;
        }
        return c;
    }
	/**
	从键盘读取一个字符，并将其作为方法的返回值。
	*/
    public static char readChar() {
        String str = readKeyBoard(1, false);
        return str.charAt(0);
    }
	/**
	从键盘读取一个字符，并将其作为方法的返回值。
	如果用户不输入字符而直接回车，方法将以defaultValue 作为返回值。
	*/
    public static char readChar(char defaultValue) {
        String str = readKeyBoard(1, true);
        return (str.length() == 0) ? defaultValue : str.charAt(0);
    }
	/**
	从键盘读取一个长度不超过2位的整数，并将其作为方法的返回值。
	*/
    public static int readInt() {
        int n;
        for (; ; ) {
            String str = readKeyBoard(2, false);
            try {
                n = Integer.parseInt(str);
                break;
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                System.out.print("数字输入错误，请重新输入：");
            }
        }
        return n;
    }
	/**
	从键盘读取一个长度不超过2位的整数，并将其作为方法的返回值。
	如果用户不输入字符而直接回车，方法将以defaultValue 作为返回值。
	*/
    public static int readInt(int defaultValue) {
        int n;
        for (; ; ) {
            String str = readKeyBoard(2, true);
            if (str.equals("")) {
                return defaultValue;
            }

            try {
                n = Integer.parseInt(str);
                break;
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                System.out.print("数字输入错误，请重新输入：");
            }
        }
        return n;
    }
	/**
	从键盘读取一个长度不超过limit的字符串，并将其作为方法的返回值。
	*/
    public static String readString(int limit) {
        return readKeyBoard(limit, false);
    }
	/**
	从键盘读取一个长度不超过limit的字符串，并将其作为方法的返回值。
	如果用户不输入字符而直接回车，方法将以defaultValue 作为返回值。
	*/
    public static String readString(int limit, String defaultValue) {
        String str = readKeyBoard(limit, true);
        return str.equals("")? defaultValue : str;
    }
	/**
	用于确认选择的输入。该方法从键盘读取‘Y’或’N’，并将其作为方法的返回值。
	*/
    public static char readConfirmSelection() {
        char c;
        for (; ; ) {
            String str = readKeyBoard(1, false).toUpperCase();
            c = str.charAt(0);
            if (c == 'Y' || c == 'N') {
                break;
            } else {
                System.out.print("选择错误，请重新输入：");
            }
        }
        return c;
    }

    private static String readKeyBoard(int limit, boolean blankReturn) {
        String line = "";

        while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
            line = scanner.nextLine();
            if (line.length() == 0) {
                if (blankReturn) return line;
                else continue;
            }

            if (line.length() < 1 || line.length() > limit) {
                System.out.print("输入长度（不大于" + limit + "）错误，请重新输入：");
                continue;
            }
            break;
        }
        return line;
    }
}