c# 泛型

1.声明一个方法可以传入多种参数类型比如使用object 类型，

        //声明
        public static void ShowObject(object oParameter)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("This is {0},parameter={1},type={2}",
                typeof(CommonMethod), oParameter.GetType().Name, oParameter);
        }
        //调用
        int iValue = 123;
        string sValue = "456";
        DateTime dtValue = DateTime.Now;
        object oValue = "678";


        CommonMethod.ShowObject(oValue);
        CommonMethod.ShowObject(iValue);
        CommonMethod.ShowObject(sValue);
        CommonMethod.ShowObject(dtValue);

但是代码在执行的时候会有 装箱拆箱 。

2.如何声明和使用泛型

       public static void Show<T>(T tParameter)//, T t = default(T
        {
            Console.WriteLine("This is {0},parameter={1},type={2}",
               typeof(CommonMethod), tParameter.GetType().Name, tParameter);
        }

        CommonMethod.Show<int>(iValue);//调用泛型，需要指定类型参数
        CommonMethod.Show(iValue);//如果可以从参数类型推断，可以省略类型参数---语法糖(编译器提供的功能)

3.泛型缓存和字典缓存

A.字典缓存

    /// <summary>
    /// 字典缓存：静态属性常驻内存
    /// </summary>
    public class DictionaryCache
    {
        private static Dictionary<Type, string> _TypeTimeDictionary = null;
        static DictionaryCache()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("This is DictionaryCache 静态构造函数");
            _TypeTimeDictionary = new Dictionary<Type, string>();
        }
        public static string GetCache<T>()
        {
            Type type = typeof(Type);
            if (!_TypeTimeDictionary.ContainsKey(type))
            {
                _TypeTimeDictionary[type] = string.Format("{0}_{1}", typeof(T).FullName, DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss.fff"));
            }
            return _TypeTimeDictionary[type];
        }
    }

B.泛型缓存 会比上面的效率高

    /// <summary>
    /// 每个不同的T，都会生成一份不同的副本
    /// 适合不同类型，需要缓存一份数据的场景，效率高
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    public class GenericCache<T>
    {
        static GenericCache()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("This is GenericCache 静态构造函数");
            _TypeTime = string.Format("{0}_{1}", typeof(T).FullName, DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss.fff"));
        }

        private static string _TypeTime = "";

        public static string GetCache()
        {
            return _TypeTime;
        }
        //common<int>(1)
    }



=》调用
        public static void Show()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(GenericCache<int>.GetCache());
                Thread.Sleep(10);
                Console.WriteLine(GenericCache<long>.GetCache());
                Thread.Sleep(10);
                Console.WriteLine(GenericCache<DateTime>.GetCache());
                Thread.Sleep(10);
                Console.WriteLine(GenericCache<string>.GetCache());
                Thread.Sleep(10);
                Console.WriteLine(GenericCache<GenericCacheTest>.GetCache());
                Thread.Sleep(10);
            }
        }

结果：