CentOS 7.6安装mysql-5.7.28

1 MySQL下载

MySQL官网下载连接

1.2 选择“Download Archives”。

1.3 选择“MySQL Community”

1.4 Linux版本下载

1.5 Windows版本下载

2 CentOS 7.6安装mysql-5.7.28

2.1 环境准备

#修改主机名（重启系统生效）
[root@db1 ~]# vim /etc/hostname
db1
#系统版本
[root@db1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
#环境检查（MySQL与mariadb冲突，需卸载）
[root@db1 ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
[root@db1 ~]# yum remove mariadb-libs -y

2.2 创建用户

[root@db1 ~]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin 
[root@db1 ~]# id mysql
uid=1000(mysql) gid=1000(mysql) groups=1000(mysql)

2.3 创建相关目录

#软件目录
[root@db1 ~]# mkdir -p /software/database
#软件目录
[root@db1 ~]# mkdir -p /data/3306
#日志目录
[root@db1 ~]# mkdir -p /log/3306

2.4 上传软件

2.5 解压并创建软链接

[root@db1 database]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
#创建软链接
[root@db1 database]# ln -s mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@db1 database]# ll
总用量 707692
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root        35 3月  31 23:01 mysql -> mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root      4096 3月  31 23:01 mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 724672294 3月  31 16:41 mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2.6 设置权限

[root@db1 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /software/ /data/ /log/

2.7 设置环境变量

#编辑/etc/profile文件
[root@db1 ~]# vim /etc/profile  
#添加一行
export PATH=/software/database/mysql/bin:$PATH
#生效配置                                                                             
[root@db1 ~]# source /etc/profile
#验证环境变量配置
[root@db1 ~]# mysql -V           
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.28, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

2.9 初始化系统库表

初始化方式一：“mysqld --initialize-insecure”（推荐使用方式一初始化）

初始化完成没有密码，密码后续自定义。

[root@db1 ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/software/database/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/
#报错如下
2020-03-31T15:22:30.402755Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-03-31T15:22:30.406574Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
2020-03-31T15:22:30.406636Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
#解决如下：
[root@db1 ~]# ls /data/3306/
auto.cnf         client-key.pem  ib_logfile1         public_key.pem
ca-key.pem       ib_buffer_pool  mysql               server-cert.pem
ca.pem           ibdata1         performance_schema  server-key.pem
client-cert.pem  ib_logfile0     private_key.pem     sys
[root@db1 ~]# rm -rf /data/3306/*

#重新初始化成功
[root@db1 ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/software/database/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/
2020-03-31T15:31:20.109943Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-03-31T15:31:20.556875Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-03-31T15:31:20.624283Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-03-31T15:31:20.683017Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: abf0cb0d-7364-11ea-b642-000c29f292ec.
2020-03-31T15:31:20.684363Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-03-31T15:31:21.412087Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-03-31T15:31:22.404551Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.

初始化方式二：“mysqld --initialize”

区别在于mysqld --initialize初始化完成会生成一个临时密码，如下生成的临时密码为：#e5-,,MgLpdd，但必须在初次使用MySQL之前修改该密码

[root@db1 ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/software/database/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/
2020-04-04T00:32:37.961724Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-04-04T00:32:39.249133Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-04-04T00:32:39.442169Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-04-04T00:32:39.520540Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ca135a44-760b-11ea-96a0-000c2921d46c.
2020-04-04T00:32:39.522674Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-04-04T00:32:40.163355Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-04-04T00:32:40.301331Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: #e5-,,MgLpdd

2.9 定义my.cnf配置文件

[root@db1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
user=mysql
basedir=/software/database/mysql
datadir=/data/3306/
server_id=6
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysql]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

2.10 准备MySQL启动脚本并启动MySQL服务

[root@db1 ~]# cd /software/database/mysql/support-files/
[root@db1 support-files]# ls
magic  mysqld_multi.server  mysql-log-rotate  mysql.server
#拷贝启动脚本到系统软件管理目录
[root@db1 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@db1 ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@db1 ~]# systemctl start mysqld

2.11 登录MySQL

1. 使用mysqld --initialize初始化，需先修改密码才能登录。
2. 使用mysqld --initialize-insecure初始化，无需修改密码，mysql直接可以登录。

#无法登录mysql，需修改密码
[root@db1 ~]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

修改MySQL密码

[root@db1 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password mysql_admin@3306
#注意：此处输入密码为初始化的临时密码，即：#e5-,,MgLpdd
Enter password: `
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

登录MySQL数据库

[root@db1 ~]# mysql -p
#此处输入密码为定义的MySQL密码
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.28 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

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