CentOS 6.8 创建 LVM 逻辑卷

1 新建三个分区

三个分区分别为：/dev/sdb5、/dev/sdb6、/dev/sdb7

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1c6dbeb1

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1       13054   104856223+   5  Extended
/dev/sdb5               1        1306    10490382   83  Linux
/dev/sdb6            1307        2351     8393931   83  Linux
/dev/sdb7            2352        3005     5253223+  83  Linux

2 修改分区类型为8e（Linux LVM）

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1c6dbeb1

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1       13054   104856223+   5  Extended
/dev/sdb5               1        1306    10490382   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb6            1307        2351     8393931   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb7            2352        3005     5253223+  8e  Linux LVM
# 保存退出
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

3 强制重读分区表

[root@centos68 ~]# partx -a /dev/sdb
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 5
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 6
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 7

查看是否读取到/dev/sdb5、/dev/sdb6、/dev/sdb7三个分区

[root@centos68 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor  #blocks  name

   8        0  104857600 sda
   8        1     512000 sda1
   8        2  104344576 sda2
   8       16  104857600 sdb
   8       17          1 sdb1
   8       21   10490382 sdb5
   8       22    8393931 sdb6
   8       23    5253223 sdb7
 253        0   52428800 dm-0
 253        1    4096000 dm-1
 253        2   47816704 dm-2

4 pv 管理

4.1 创建pv

[root@centos68 ~]# pvcreate -v /dev/sdb5
    Wiping cache of LVM-capable devices
    Set up physical volume for "/dev/sdb5" with 20980764 available sectors
    Zeroing start of device /dev/sdb5
    Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sdb5"
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb5" successfully created

4.2 查看pv简要信息

[root@centos68 ~]# pvs
  PV         VG          Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/sda2  vg_centos68 lvm2 a--u 99.51g     0
  /dev/sdb5              lvm2 ---- 10.00g 10.00g

4.3 查看pv详细信息

[root@centos68 ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sdb5
  "/dev/sdb5" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb5
  VG Name
  PV Size               10.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO # 因为还没有分配到VG，所以一下信息为空
  PE Size               0
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               evkeIz-uWgd-yE9L-1L1G-yxPB-1BRX-LuqO1U

4.4 移除pv

[root@centos68 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb5
  Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb5" successfully wiped
[root@centos68 ~]# pvs
  PV         VG          Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/sda2  vg_centos68 lvm2 a--u 99.51g    0

5 vg 管理

5.1 创建vg

[root@centos68 ~]# vgcreate my_vg /dev/sdb5
  Volume group "my_vg" successfully created

5.2 查看vg简要信息

[root@centos68 ~]# vgs
  VG          #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
  my_vg         1   0   0 wz--n- 10.00g 10.00g
  vg_centos68   1   3   0 wz--n- 99.51g     0

5.3 查看指定vg详细信息

vgdisplay 后面加vg名查询

[root@centos68 ~]# vgdisplay my_vg
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               my_vg
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               10.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2560
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
  Free  PE / Size       2560 / 10.00 GiB
  VG UUID               nr9VNe-T2hk-CZ53-QgYn-ZEZK-JxJE-C0MOSi

查看PE大小

[root@centos68 ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sdb5
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb5
  VG Name               my_vg
  PV Size               10.00 GiB / not usable 4.51 MiB
  Allocatable           yes
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2560
  Free PE               2560
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               NFEGzd-bWlN-uRCw-92Mu-fFMy-67nx-wic5lB

5.4 扩展vg

[root@centos68 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb6
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb6" successfully created
[root@centos68 ~]# vgextend my_vg /dev/sdb6
  Volume group "my_vg" successfully extended

查看vg详细信息

[root@centos68 ~]# vgdisplay my_vg
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               my_vg
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               18.00 GiB # 观察vg大小
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4609
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
  Free  PE / Size       4609 / 18.00 GiB
  VG UUID               gwsrit-zEJH-dwE0-Gd5A-W6uA-KdBn-Q1AxYb

5.5 移除vg

移除vg前，先进行pvmove，即移动pv上的PE到同一卷组中的其他pv上去

[root@centos68 ~]# pvmove /dev/sdb5
  No data to move for my_vg
[root@centos68 ~]# vgreduce my_vg /dev/sdb5
  Removed "/dev/sdb5" from volume group "my_vg"
[root@centos68 ~]# vgdisplay my_vg
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               my_vg
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               8.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2049
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
  Free  PE / Size       2049 / 8.00 GiB
  VG UUID               gwsrit-zEJH-dwE0-Gd5A-W6uA-KdBn-Q1AxYb

6 lv管理

6.1 创建逻辑卷

-L指定逻辑卷大小，单位可以为“kKmMgGtT”字节
-n给逻辑卷命名

[root@centos68 ~]# lvcreate -L 2G -n my_lv my_vg 
  Logical volume "my_lv" created.

查看创建好的逻辑卷my_lv

[root@centos68 ~]# ls /dev/mapper/
control      vg_centos68-lv_home  vg_centos68-lv_swap
my_vg-my_lv  vg_centos68-lv_root

格式化逻辑卷my_lv
-t指定格式化系统类型，默认ext2
-b指定块大小
-L指定卷标

[root@centos68 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 -b 1024 -L MYLV /dev/my_vg/my_lv
[root@centos68 ~]# blkid /dev/my_vg/my_lv 
/dev/my_vg/my_lv: LABEL="MYLV" UUID="a37464b9-51a1-4322-9352-bd3cffdb0702" TYPE="ext4" 

挂载my_lv分区

[root@centos68 ~]# mkdir /backup
[root@centos68 ~]# mount /dev/my_vg/my_lv /backup/
[root@centos68 ~]# ls /backup/
lost+found
[root@centos68 ~]# df -lh
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_centos68-lv_root
                       50G  861M   46G   2% /
tmpfs                 931M     0  931M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   39M  413M   9% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_centos68-lv_home
                       45G   52M   43G   1% /home
/dev/mapper/my_vg-my_lv
                      2.0G  3.1M  1.9G   1% /backup

6.2 扩展逻辑卷

查看逻辑卷my_lv大小

[root@centos68 ~]# lvdisplay my_vg
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/my_vg/my_lv
  LV Name                my_lv
  VG Name                my_vg
  LV UUID                okVZsh-CrC0-bqLV-kwTz-rTno-WFFM-eid02b
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time centos68, 2020-06-25 08:23:41 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                2.00 GiB # 逻辑卷大小为2G
  Current LE             512
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:3

-L指定要添加的逻辑卷大小，+5表示增加5G空间大小，5G表示增加到5G大小，即由原来的2G增加到5G，共增加了3G

[root@centos68 ~]# lvextend -L +5G /dev/my_vg/my_lv 
  Size of logical volume my_vg/my_lv changed from 2.00 GiB (512 extents) to 7.00 GiB (1792 extents).
  Logical volume my_lv successfully resized.

再次查看lv大小

[root@centos68 ~]# lvdisplay my_vg                  
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/my_vg/my_lv
  LV Name                my_lv
  VG Name                my_vg
  LV UUID                okVZsh-CrC0-bqLV-kwTz-rTno-WFFM-eid02b
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time centos68, 2020-06-25 08:23:41 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                7.00 GiB # +5G，从原来的2G增加到了7G
  Current LE             1792
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:3

扩展文件系统大小
注意：上述扩展的逻辑卷大小，实际的文件系统大小并没有增加，也就是使用df -lh查看挂载点发现空间大小并没有变化，需要使用resize2fs命令扩展文件系统大小，改命令只适用于ext系列文件系统

[root@centos68 ~]# resize2fs /dev/my_vg/my_lv 
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/my_vg/my_lv is mounted on /backup; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 8, new_desc_blocks = 28
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/my_vg/my_lv to 7340032 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/my_vg/my_lv is now 7340032 blocks long.

查看挂载点空间是否增加

[root@centos68 ~]# df -lh
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_centos68-lv_root
                       50G  861M   46G   2% /
tmpfs                 931M     0  931M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   39M  413M   9% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_centos68-lv_home
                       45G   52M   43G   1% /home
/dev/mapper/my_vg-my_lv
                      6.9G  3.5M  6.6G   1% /backup

6.3 缩减逻辑卷

思路

1. 卸载文件系统（umount）
2. 强制文件系统检测和修复（e2fsck -f）
3. 缩减文件系统逻辑边界（resize2fs -L）
4. 缩减逻辑卷（lvreduce）
5. 重新挂载（mount）
   卸载文件系统

[root@centos68 ~]# ls /backup/
crontab  issue  lost+found  passwd
[root@centos68 ~]# umount /backup/

强制文件系统检测和修复

[root@centos68 ~]# ls /backup/
crontab  issue  lost+found  passwd
[root@centos68 ~]# umount /backup/

缩减文件系统到指定大小
缩减文件系统（逻辑边界）到3G

[root@centos68 ~]# resize2fs /dev/my_vg/my_lv 3G
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/my_vg/my_lv to 3145728 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/my_vg/my_lv is now 3145728 blocks long.

缩减逻辑卷（物理边界）

[root@centos68 ~]# lvreduce -L 3G /dev/my_vg/my_lv 
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 3.00 GiB.
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce my_vg/my_lv? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume my_vg/my_lv changed from 7.00 GiB (1792 extents) to 3.00 GiB (768 extents).
  Logical volume my_lv successfully resized.

重新挂载

[root@centos68 ~]# mount /dev/my_vg/my_lv /backup/
[root@centos68 ~]# ls /backup/
crontab  issue  lost+found  passwd

查看空间大小已经变为了3G

[root@centos68 ~]# df -lh
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_centos68-lv_root
                       50G  861M   46G   2% /
tmpfs                 931M     0  931M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   39M  413M   9% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_centos68-lv_home
                       45G   52M   43G   1% /home
/dev/mapper/my_vg-my_lv
                      3.0G  3.3M  2.8G   1% /backu

检查文件是否正常访问

[root@centos68 ~]# cat /backup/passwd 
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

7 快照卷

7.1 创建快照

-s创建快照
-L指定快照大小
-p只读权限
-n指定快照名

[root@centos68 ~]# lvcreate -s -L 512M -p r -n my_lv_snap /dev/my_vg/my_lv 
  Logical volume "my_lv_snap" created.

挂载快照

[root@centos68 ~]# mount /dev/my_vg/my_lv_snap /mnt                     
mount: block device /dev/mapper/my_vg-my_lv_snap is write-protected, mounting read-only

修改源文件，不会影响快照卷中的文件变化

[root@centos68 ~]# cat /mnt/issue 
CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m

[root@centos68 ~]# echo "Change this file" >>/backup/issue                   
[root@centos68 ~]# cat /backup/issue 
CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m

Change this file
[root@centos68 ~]# cat /mnt/issue 
CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m

7.1 删除快照

备份快照卷中文件

[root@centos68 ~]# cp -a /mnt/* /tmp
[root@centos68 ~]# ls /tmp
crontab  issue  lost+found  passwd  yum.log

卸载快照挂载点

[root@centos68 ~]# umount /mnt

删除快照

[root@centos68 ~]# lvremove /dev/my_vg/my_lv_snap 
Do you really want to remove active logical volume my_lv_snap? [y/n]: y
  Logical volume "my_lv_snap" successfully removed

8 删除逻辑卷、卷组、物理卷

思路：

1. 卸载逻辑卷挂载点（umount）；
2. 删除逻辑卷（lvremove）；
3. 删除卷组（vgremove）；
4. 删除物理卷

8.1 删除逻辑卷

卸载逻辑卷挂载点

[root@centos68 ~]# umount /backup/

删除逻辑卷

[root@centos68 ~]# lvremove /dev/my_vg/my_lv 
Do you really want to remove active logical volume my_lv? [y/n]: y
  Logical volume "my_lv" successfully removed   

删除卷组

[root@centos68 ~]# vgremove my_vg
  Volume group "my_vg" successfully removed

查看卷组没了

[root@centos68 ~]# vgs
  VG          #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
  vg_centos68   1   3   0 wz--n- 99.51g    0

移除物理卷

[root@centos68 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb5
  Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb5" successfully wiped
[root@centos68 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb6
  Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb6" successfully wiped
[root@centos68 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb7
  Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb7" successfully wiped

查看物理卷没了

[root@centos68 ~]# pvdisplay 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               vg_centos68
  PV Size               99.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25474
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          25474
  PV UUID               cGHZV5-fP4H-HzRy-wbcj-luwm-JtRe-F8QegK