接着上一节,本文重点来讲解决Spring Cloud的另一组件 ribbon来实现客户端的Loading Balance。 ribbon实现LB主要有两种方法,一种:ribbon restTemplate,另外一种是feign.
一:ribbon restTemplate
1:上文已经建好了服务注册中心eureka,并建好了一个服务客户端springcloud-client注册到eureka。为说明LB,将springcloud-client的yml文件里面端口和instance-id都做变更,如下图:
特别需要注意,有多网上教材只说需要改port然后启动,你会发现虽然两个端口都能访问,但eureka里面并没有两个服务,而且是无法实现LB。原因是instance-id如果一样,eureka并不会认为是两个不同服务,后者会覆盖前面的服务。
启动后你会发现eureka里面变成如下:
2.创建一个消费者,并访问client Load balance,
再新建一个spring boot maven项目,取名为:springcloud-ribbon。并引入springcloud相关依赖,同时引入:eureka,ribbon,web依赖。其pom文件如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>ribbon</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>springcloud-ribbon</name>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<!-- spring-cloud所有项目依赖包 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
3.在src/main/resources下面新增application.yml,指定服务的注册中心地址之前的eureka。内容如下:
server:
port: 8100
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-ribbon
#注册中心指向start
eureka:
instance:
instance-id: springcloud-ribbon
appname: ${spring.application.name}
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://lps:YJ$888@127.0.0.1:8888/eureka/
4.新建一个启动类,并在该类里面申请RestTemplate Bean。并用@LoadBalanced指定该实体bean启用LB。
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class RibbomMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(RibbomMain.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced//指明此bean实例调用负载均衡
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
5.新建一个Service类来调用消费之前建好的Client服务。并利用RestTemplate 来调用服务。RestTemplate 其本身是对httpclient进行了封装,关于RestTemplate 的使用大家可以参考网上说明。因我们只测试结果,所以直接用getForObject。
@Service
public class RibbonTestService {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
public String getServicePort() {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://clientService/pls",String.class);
}
}
6.再新建一个Controller,并通过web访问来调用服务。
@RestController
public class RibbomCallController {
@Autowired
private RibbonTestService service;
@RequestMapping("/pls")
public String getInfo(){
return service.getServicePort();
}
}
7.到此全部完成。启动消费项目。并在页面不断刷新访问:http://localhost:8100/pls
可以看到会有轮询的方式切换Client服务,实现了load balance.
三:接下我们看LB的另外一种实现方式feign:
feign相对于ribbon更强易用。原因是:
1):feign 集成了ribbon。
2):feign使用接口注解,可插拔性。
下面来介绍对比下feign的使用。
1:新建一个spring boot maven工程springcloud-feign.并引入springcloud,eureka,feign ,web依赖。pom文件如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>ribbon</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>springcloud-ribbon</name>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<!-- spring-cloud所有项目依赖包 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
2.同样再增加application.yml.
server:
port: 8200
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-feign
#注册中心指向start
eureka:
instance:
instance-id: springcloud-feign
appname: ${spring.application.name}
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://lps:YJ$888@127.0.0.1:8888/eureka/
3.创建启动类,并用@EnableFeignClients开户feign功能。
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class FeignMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
SpringApplication.run(FeignMain.class, args);
}
}
4.建一个interface并用Feign调用Client服务。
//申明feign调用的服务名,
@FeignClient(value = "http://clientService")
public interface GetServerPort {
//服务方法指定
@RequestMapping("/pls")
String callClient();
}
5.再创建一个controller来web调用
@RestController
public class FeignCallController {
@Autowired
GetServerPort getServerPort;
@RequestMapping("/feign")
public String getport() {
return getServerPort.callClient();
}
}
6.继续用浏览器访问http://localhost:8200/feign,同样可以看到Load balance的效果。