Windows10 下GRASS GIS Python 环境配置问题

因为想要在Spyder中直接调用GRASS的Python包，实现在外部的IDE中运行GRASS，直接在Spyder中输入官网给出的实现代码，根据实际情况更改gisdb，grassbin目录等：

import os
import sys
import subprocess


#定义GRASS数据库
#添加自己的grassdb数据库路径
gisdb = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), "grassdata")
# the following path is the default path on MS Windows
# gisdb = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), "Documents/grassdata")

#指定现有location和mapset
location = "nc_spm_08"
mapset = "user1"

#指定GRASS的启动文件
grass7bin = 'grass78'
if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
    # MS Windows
    grass7bin = r'C:Program FilesGRASS GIS 7.8grass78.bat'
    # uncomment when using standalone WinGRASS installer
    # grass7bin = r'C:Program Files (x86)GRASS GIS 7.8.0grass78.bat'
    # this can be avoided if GRASS executable is added to PATH
elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
    # Mac OS X
    # TODO: this have to be checked, maybe unix way is good enough
    grass7bin = '/Applications/GRASS/GRASS-7.8.app/'

# query GRASS GIS itself for its GISBASE

startcmd = [grass7bin, '--config', 'path']
try:
    p = subprocess.Popen(startcmd, shell=False,
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    out, err = p.communicate()

except OSError as error:
    sys.exit("ERROR: Cannot find GRASS GIS start script"
             " {cmd}: {error}".format(cmd=startcmd[0], error=error))
if p.returncode != 0:
    sys.exit("ERROR: Issues running GRASS GIS start script"
             " {cmd}: {error}"
             .format(cmd=' '.join(startcmd), error=err))

#gisbase = out.strip(os.linesep.encode())
gisbase= r'C:Program FilesGRASS GIS 7.8'

# set GISBASE environment variable
os.environ['GISBASE'] = gisbase

# define GRASS-Python environment
grass_pydir = os.path.join(gisbase, "etc", "python")
sys.path.append(grass_pydir)

# import (some) GRASS Python bindings
import grass.script as gscript
import grass.script.setup as gsetup

# launch session
rcfile = gsetup.init(gisbase, gisdb, location, mapset)

# example calls
gscript.message('Current GRASS GIS 7 environment:')
print(gscript.gisenv())

gscript.message('Available raster maps:')
for rast in gscript.list_strings(type='raster'):
    print(rast)

gscript.message('Available vector maps:')
for vect in gscript.list_strings(type='vector'):
    print(vect)

# clean up at the end
gsetup.cleanup()

但在运行过程中，报了如下错误：

CalledModuleError: Module run None g.list --q -m type=raster ended with error
Process ended with non-zero return code 3221225785. See errors in the (error) output.`

以及弹出提示：

通过搜索了解到出现这个错误的主要原因是在GRASS运行时可能调用了错误的.dll动态链接库，参考 GRASS WiKi 网上给出的解决方法是：

找到系统中的同名的.dll文件，将其重命名，然后再运行程序：

几个主要的参考：

Is it possible to use GRASS GIS in Python stand alone scripts?

WinGRASS errors

Error on libcurl.dll when using GDAL of OSGeo4W in Django

【问题解决】无法定位程序输入点~于动态链接库上

DLL目录查找顺序

• 解决步骤如下：

需要用到的软件：

• Dependencies 用于查看.dll调用了的函数来源于哪个其他的.dlll
• Process Explorer 64 查看内存中载入了哪些.dll

以解决“无法定位程序输入点locale_charset于动态链接库C:\Program Files\GRASS GIS 7.8\spatialite.dll上”为例：

1. 首先打开Dependencies，直接将spatialite.dll拖入软件

然后可以看到locale_charset这个变量，是需要由 C:\Program Files\GRASS GIS 7.8\extrabin\iconv.dll 这个dll提供的

所以问题很有可能就是在程序运行的时候没有调用到这个路径下的iconv.dll，而是用了其他路径的iconv.dll

2. 打开Process Explorer 64，查看此时内存中载入了哪些iconv.dll

可以看到，现在调用了D:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\Library\bin\iconv.dll这个dll，来自Anaconda虚拟环境的Library，将其重命名为iconv.dll.bak，然后重启spyder，再次用Process Explorer搜索，发现没有再次载入了

至此，解决了iconv.dll的问题，同样的方法，可以解决gdal300.dll的问题

最后重启spyder，运行程序，成功：

PS：这样重命名虚拟环境中dll的方法，可能会影响虚拟环境中其他软件的使用，所以最好在使用完GRASS GIS之后，把重命名的文件改回来。

（或者直接把Anaconda卸载了

后续应该要找到怎么样让程序直接找到对应的.dll文件的方法，从根本上解决问题

附：spyder的启动脚本：

# filename: grass_spyder.sh
# directory where GRASS GIS lives
# GRASS GIS 的安装信息
export GISBASE=`C:Program FilesGRASS GIS 7.8grass78.bat --config path`   # or define path to binaries like /usr/local/grass-7.4.svn
#echo $GISBASE

# generate GISRC
# Defines the system wide value while in a GRASS session
# 设置GISDBASE LOCATION MAPSET

MYGISDBASE=G:grass_data # Change this path to reflect your own 
MYLOC=futures_triangle_nc # Change this location name to reflect your own 
MYMAPSET=PERMANENT

# Set the global grassrc file to individual file name
MYGISRC="C:Usersddd.grassrc"

echo "GISDBASE: $MYGISDBASE" > "$MYGISRC"
echo "LOCATION_NAME: $MYLOC" >> "$MYGISRC"
echo "MAPSET: $MYMAPSET" >> "$MYGISRC"
echo "GRASS_GUI: text" >> "$MYGISRC"

# path to GRASS settings file
export GISRC=$MYGISRC

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$GISBASE/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PYTHONPATH=$GISBASE/etc/python:$PYTHONPATH
export PATH=$GISBASE/bin:$GISBASE/scripts:$PATH

# start the notebook in the notebook folder
cd G:grass_data # change to notebooks folder (example; update to your path)

spyder

cd到文件目录，执行

sh grass_spyder.sh