1、Feign的作用
Feign旨在使编写Java Http客户端变得更容易。
前面在使用Ribbon+RestTemplate
时,利用RestTemplate对http请求的封装处理,形成了一套模版化的调用方法。但是在实际开发中,由于对服务依赖的调用可能不止一处,往往一个接口会被多处调用,所以通常都会针对每个微服务自行封装一些客户端类来包装这些依赖服务的调用。所以,Feign在此基础上做了进一步封装,由他来帮助我们定义和实现依赖服务接口的定义。在Feign的实现下,我们只需创建一个接口并使用注解的方式来配置它(以前是Dao接口上面标注Mapper注解,现在是一个微服务接口上面标注一个Feign注解
即可),即可完成对服务提供方的接口绑定,简化了使用Spring cloud Ribbon时,自动封装服务调用客户端的开发量。
Feign集成了Ribbon
利用Ribbon维护了Payment的服务列表信息,并且通过轮询实现了客户端的负载均衡。而与Ribbon不同的是,通过feign只需要定义服务绑定接口且以声明式的方法,优雅而简单的实现了服务调用。
Feign和OpenFeign两者区别
Feign是Spring Cloud组件中的一个轻量级RESTful的HTTP服务客户端,Feign内置了Ribbon,用来做客户端负载均衡
,去调用服务注册中心的服务。Feign的使用方式是:使用Feign的注解定义接口,调用这个接口,就可以调用服务注册中心的服务。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
OpenFeign是Spring Cloud在Feign的基础上支持了SpringMVC的注解
,如@RequesMapping等等。OpenFeign的@Feignclient
可以解析SpringMVc的@RequestMapping
注解下的接口,并通过动态代理的方式产生实现类,实现类中做负载均衡并调用其他服务。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、OpenFeign服务调用
接口+注解:微服务调用接口 + @FeignClient
1.新建cloud-consumer-feign-order80
2.POM
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.lian.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-consumer-feign-order80</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--openfeign-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--eureka client-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.lian.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--web-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--一般基础通用配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
3.yaml
server:
port: 80
#配置eureka,Feign从eureka注册中心获取提供者的服务
eureka:
client:
#不向eureka注册自己
register-with-eureka: false
fetch-registry: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/
4.主启动
package com.lian.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderFeignMain80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderFeignMain80.class,args);
}
}
5.业务类service层
业务逻辑接口
+ @FeignClient
配置调用provider服务
新建PaymentFeignService接口并新增注解@FeignClient
package com.lian.springcloud.service;
import com.lian.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.lian.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
/**
* @FeignClient 添加服务名,此服务名下有两个服务8001和8002
* @GetMapping("/payment/get/{id}") 和服务8001、8002的请求一样
* 因为Feign内置了Ribbon,所以可自动实现客户端负载均衡
*/
@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE") //服务名
public interface PaymentFeignService {
@GetMapping("/payment/get/{id}")
CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}
6.controller层
package com.lian.springcloud.controller;
import com.lian.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.lian.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.lian.springcloud.service.PaymentFeignService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class OrderFeignController {
@Autowired
PaymentFeignService paymentFeignService;
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return paymentFeignService.getPaymentById(id);
}
}
7.测试
先启动2个eureka集群7001/7002
再启动2个微服务8001/8002
启动OpenFeign消费者
http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/1
3、OpenFeign超时控制
比如提供者觉得一个服务3秒钟起来是正常的,但消费者认为等不了3秒,2秒内才是正常的,这就有了时间差
超时设置,故意设置超时演示出错情况
1.服务提供方8001/8002写休眠3秒钟请求
package com.lian.springcloud.controller;
import com.lian.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.lian.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.lian.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* @requestBody可以将请求体中的JSON字符串绑定到相应的bean上
*/
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
@Resource
PaymentService paymentService;
@Resource
DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
//添加serverPort,目的做客户端的负载均衡
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
@PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
public CommonResult create(@RequestBody Payment payment){
int result = paymentService.create(payment);
log.info("*****插入结果:"+result);
if (result > 0){
return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据库成功,端口号serverPort是"+serverPort,result);
} else {
return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库失败",null);
}
}
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
if (payment != null){
return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功,端口号serverport是"+serverPort,payment);
} else {
return new CommonResult(444,"查询失败,没有对应记录,查询id:"+id,null);
}
}
/**
* 测试服务发现
*/
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/discovery")
public Object discovery(){
List<String> services = discoveryClient.getServices();
for (String service : services) {
log.info("server"+service);
}
List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE");
for (ServiceInstance instance : instances) {
log.info(instance.getInstanceId()+"\t",
instance.getHost()+"\t",
instance.getPort()+"\t",
instance.getUri());
}
return this.discoveryClient;
}
//手写轮询算法测试
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/lb")
public String getPaymentLB() {
return serverPort;//返回服务接口
}
//测试feign超时控制
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/feign/timeout")
public String paymentFeignTimeout(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return serverPort;
}
}
2、服务消费方80添加超时方法PaymentFeignService
package com.lian.springcloud.service;
import com.lian.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.lian.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
/**
* @FeignClient 添加服务名,此服务名下有两个服务8001和8002
* @GetMapping("/payment/get/{id}") 和服务8001、8002的请求一样
* 因为Feign内置了Ribbon,所以可自动实现客户端负载均衡
*/
@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE")
public interface PaymentFeignService {
@GetMapping("/payment/get/{id}")
CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
//测试超时控制
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/feign/timeout")
public String paymentFeignTimeout();
}
3、服务消费方80添加超时方法OrderFeignController
package com.lian.springcloud.controller;
import com.lian.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.lian.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.lian.springcloud.service.PaymentFeignService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class OrderFeignController {
@Autowired
PaymentFeignService paymentFeignService;
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return paymentFeignService.getPaymentById(id);
}
//测试超时控制
@GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/feign/timeout")
public String paymentFeignTimeout(){
// OpenFeign客户端一般默认等待1秒钟
return paymentFeignService.paymentFeignTimeout();
}
}
4、测试
OpenFeign默认等待1秒钟,超过后报错
5、解决超时问题
YML文件里需要开启OpenFeign客户端超时控制
server:
port: 80
#配置eureka,Feign从eureka注册中心获取提供者的服务
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
fetch-registry: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/
#解决超时问题
#设置feign客户端超时时间(OpenFeign默认支持ribbon)(单位:毫秒)
ribbon:
#指的是建立连接所用的时间,适用于网络状况正常的情况下,两端连接所用的时间
ReadTimeout: 5000
#指的是建立连接后从服务器读取到可用资源所用的时间
ConnectTimeout: 5000
4、OpenFeign日志增强
日志打印功能
Feign提供了日志打印功能,我们可以通过配置来调整日恙级别,从而了解Feign 中 Http请求的细节。
说白了就是对Feign接口的调用情况进行监控和输出
日志级别
NONE
:默认的,不显示任何日志;BASIC
:仅记录请求方法、URL、响应状态码及执行时间;HEADERS
:除了BASIC中定义的信息之外,还有请求和响应的头信息;FULL
:除了HEADERS中定义的信息之外,还有请求和响应的正文及元数据。
配置日志演示:
1、注入日志等级到spring容器
package com.lian.springcloud.config;
import feign.Logger;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
//注入日志等级到spring容器中
@Configuration
public class feignLoggerLevel {
@Bean
public Logger.Level feignLoggerLevel(){
return Logger.Level.FULL;
}
}
2、YML开启日志Feign客户端
server:
port: 80
#配置eureka,Feign从eureka注册中心获取提供者的服务
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
fetch-registry: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/
#设置feign客户端超时时间(OpenFeign默认支持ribbon)(单位:毫秒)
ribbon:
#指的是建立连接所用的时间,适用于网络状况正常的情况下,两端连接所用的时间
ReadTimeout: 5000
#指的是建立连接后从服务器读取到可用资源所用的时间
ConnectTimeout: 5000
#开启日志客户端
logging:
level:
# feign日志以什么级别监控哪个接口
com.lian.springcloud.service.PaymentFeignService: debug
3、测试
浏览器查询后,后台打印日志信息