Netty教程05:netty实现群聊

编写一个 Netty 群聊系统,实现服务器端和客户端之间的数据简单通讯(非阻塞)
实现多人群聊
服务器端:可以监测用户上线,离线,并实现消息转发功能
客户端:通过channel 可以无阻塞发送消息给其它所有用户,同时可以接受其它用户发送的消息(有服务器转发得到)
目的:进一步理解Netty非阻塞网络编程机制

Server

package com.lian.groupchat;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

public class Server {

    //监听端口
    private Integer port;

    public Server(Integer port) {
        this.port = port;
    }

    //编写run方法,处理客户端的请求
    public void run() throws InterruptedException {
        //创建两个线程组
        NioEventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        NioEventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            //创建workerGroup启动类
            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
            serverBootstrap
                    .group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG,1280)
                    .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE,true)
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                            ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                            //向pipeline里加入解码器
                            pipeline.addLast("decoder",new StringDecoder());
                            向pipeline里加入编码器
                            pipeline.addLast("encoder",new StringEncoder());
                            向pipeline里加入自定义业务处理器
                            pipeline.addLast(new ServerHandler());
                        }
                    });
            System.out.println("netty server start");
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(port).sync();
            //监听关闭通道
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        }finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        new Server(9999).run();
    }
}

ServerHandler

package com.lian.groupchat;

import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

public class ServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {

    /**
     * 定义一个channle 组,管理所有的channel
     * GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE) 是全局的事件执行器,是一个单例
     */
    private static DefaultChannelGroup channelGroup = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("YYYY-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");


    /**
     * handlerAdded 表示连接建立,一旦连接,第一个被执行
     * 将当前channel 加入到  channelGroup
     */
    @Override
    public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        Channel channel = ctx.channel();
        /**
         * 将该客户加入聊天的信息推送给其它在线的客户端
         * 该方法会将 channelGroup 中所有的channel 遍历,并发送 消息,
         * 我们不需要自己遍历
         */
        channelGroup.writeAndFlush("client: "+channel.remoteAddress()+" join chatting"+" time is "+sdf.format(new Date())+"\n");
        channelGroup.add(channel);
    }


    /**
     * 断开连接,将xx客户离开的消息推送给当前在线的其他客户,有人下线了通知到其他在线的人
     */
    @Override
    public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        Channel channel = ctx.channel();
        channelGroup.writeAndFlush("client "+channel.remoteAddress()+" leaving\n");
        System.out.println("channelGroup size"+channelGroup.size());
    }


    /**
     * 表示channel 处于活动状态, 提示 xx上线
     * @param ctx
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        Channel channel = ctx.channel();
        System.out.println(channel.remoteAddress()+" on-line...");
    }


    /**
     * 表示channel 处于不活动状态, 提示 xx离线了
     * @param ctx
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        Channel channel = ctx.channel();
        System.out.println(channel.remoteAddress()+" off-line...");
    }

    /**
     * 读取数据
     * @param ctx
     * @param msg
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception {
        //获取当前通道
        Channel channel = ctx.channel();
        //循环遍历channelGroup组中的channel,
        channelGroup.forEach(ch->{
            //如果循环遍历的不是当前的channel,就转发消息给其他客户
            if (channel != ch){
                ch.writeAndFlush("client"+channel.remoteAddress()+" send message "+msg+"\n");
            }else {
                //如果循环遍历到的是当前channel,就回显自己发送的消息给自己
                ch.writeAndFlush("self send message "+msg+"\n");
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * 捕获异常
     * @param ctx
     * @param cause
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        //出现异常关闭通道
        ctx.channel().close();
    }
}

client

package com.lian.groupchat;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Client {

    private final String host;
    private final Integer port;

    public Client(String host, Integer port) {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
    }

    public void run() throws Exception {
        NioEventLoopGroup clientEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            bootstrap.group(clientEventLoopGroup)
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                            ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                            pipeline.addLast("decoder",new StringDecoder());
                            pipeline.addLast("encoder",new StringEncoder());
                            pipeline.addLast(new ClientHandler());
                        }
                    });
            //绑定主机和端口
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect(host,port).sync();

            Channel channel = channelFuture.channel();
            System.out.println("----------"+channel.localAddress()+"-----------");
            //创建扫描器
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            while (scanner.hasNextLine()){
                String msg = scanner.nextLine();
                channel.writeAndFlush(msg+"\r\n");
            }

            //监听关闭通道
            //channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        }finally {
            clientEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        new Client("127.0.0.1",9999).run();
    }
}

ClientHandler

package com.lian.groupchat;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

public class ClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {

    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(msg.trim());
    }
}

只针对某个客户端发送消息

问题

现在实现了客户端上下线及消息发送,所有客户端都可以收到,但是如果只想针对某个客户端发送消息怎么解决呢?

解决

//替代 DefaultChannelGroup ,可以用 List<Channel> 和 Map<String, Channel>

//使用一个 list 管理
public static List<Channel> channels = new ArrayList<Channel>();

//使用一个 hashmap 管理
public static Map<String, Channel> channels = new HashMap<String,Channel>();

还可以定义实体类、例如User类

public class User {
    private int id;
    private String pwd;
}

用User类作为key来指定客户端

public static Map<User, Channel> channels = new HashMap<String,Channel>();
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