C++ 单继承时类的初始化和销毁

1. 父类和子类的初始化、销毁顺序

1.1 使用子类对象

初始化时，先初始化父类，再初始化子类；
销毁时，先销毁子类，再销毁父类；

示例

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Base {
	public:
		Base(){cout<< "base " << endl;}
		//virtual ~Base(){cout << "destroy base" << endl;}
		~Base(){cout << "destroy base" << endl;}	
};

class Derive: public Base {
	public:
		Derive(){cout<< "derive " << endl;}
		~Derive(){cout << "destroy derive" << endl;}	
};

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    Derive d;
}

执行结果

lyh@ubuntu:~/workspace/workspace/c++_test/base$ ./main 
base 
derive 
destroy derive
destroy base

1.2 使用子类的指针

初始化时，先初始化父类，再初始化子类;
销毁时，先销毁子类，再销毁父类；

示例

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Base {
	public:
		Base(){cout<< "base " << endl;}
		//virtual ~Base(){cout << "destroy base" << endl;}
		~Base(){cout << "destroy base" << endl;}
	
};

class Derive: public Base {
	public:
		Derive(){cout<< "derive " << endl;}
		~Derive(){cout << "destroy derive" << endl;}
	
};

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    Derive* d = new Derive();
	delete d;
}

执行结果

lyh@ubuntu:~/workspace/workspace/c++_test/base$ ./main 
base 
derive 
destroy derive
destroy base

1.3 使用父类的指针

初始化时，先初始化父类，再初始化子类;
销毁时，先销毁子类，再销毁父类；

示例1

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Base {
	public:
		Base(){cout<< "base " << endl;}
		//virtual ~Base(){cout << "destroy base" << endl;}
		~Base(){cout << "destroy base" << endl;}
	
};

class Derive: public Base {
	public:
		Derive(){cout<< "derive " << endl;}
		~Derive(){cout << "destroy derive" << endl;}
	
};

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    Base* b = new Derive();
	delete b;
}

执行结果

lyh@ubuntu:~/workspace/workspace/c++_test/base$ ./main 
base 
derive 
destroy derive

我们发现，父类的指针没有被调用，原因是父类的析构函数不是虚函数，详细的原因我还待学习

示例2

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Base {
	public:
		Base(){cout<< "base " << endl;}
		virtual ~Base(){cout << "destroy base" << endl;}
};

class Derive: public Base {
	public:
		Derive(){cout<< "derive " << endl;}
		~Derive(){cout << "destroy derive" << endl;}
	
};

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    Base* b = new Derive();
	delete b;
}

执行结果:父类被析构

lyh@ubuntu:~/workspace/workspace/c++_test/base$ ./main 
base 
derive 
destroy derive
destroy base