LeetCode172. Factorial Trailing Zeroes

Given an integer n, return the number of trailing zeroes in n!.

Example 1:

Input: 3
Output: 0
Explanation: 3! = 6, no trailing zero.

Example 2:

Input: 5
Output: 1
Explanation: 5! = 120, one trailing zero.

Note: Your solution should be in logarithmic time complexity.

---

solution1

The idea is:

• The ZERO comes from 10.
• The 10 comes from 2 x 5
• And we need to account for all the products of 5 and 2. likes 4×5 = 20 …
• So, if we take all the numbers with 5 as a factor, we’ll have way more than enough even numbers to pair with them to get factors of 10

Example One

How many multiples of 5 are between 1 and 23? There is 5, 10, 15, and 20, for four multiples of 5. Paired with 2’s from the even factors, this makes for four factors of 10, so: 23! has 4 zeros.

Example Two

How many multiples of 5 are there in the numbers from 1 to 100?

because 100 ÷ 5 = 20, so, there are twenty multiples of 5 between 1 and 100.

but wait, actually 25 is 5×5, so each multiple of 25 has an extra factor of 5, e.g. 25 × 4 = 100，which introduces extra of zero.

So, we need know how many multiples of 25 are between 1 and 100? Since 100 ÷ 25 = 4, there are four multiples of 25 between 1 and 100.

Finally, we get 20 + 4 = 24 trailing zeroes in 100!

The above example tell us, we need care about 5, 5×5, 5×5×5, 5×5×5×5 …

Example Three

By given number 4617.

5^1 : 4617 ÷ 5 = 923.4, so we get 923 factors of 5

5^2 : 4617 ÷ 25 = 184.68, so we get 184 additional factors of 5

5^3 : 4617 ÷ 125 = 36.936, so we get 36 additional factors of 5

5^4 : 4617 ÷ 625 = 7.3872, so we get 7 additional factors of 5

5^5 : 4617 ÷ 3125 = 1.47744, so we get 1 more factor of 5

5^6 : 4617 ÷ 15625 = 0.295488, which is less than 1, so stop here.

Then 4617! has 923 + 184 + 36 + 7 + 1 = 1151 trailing zeroes.

C/C++ code1

class Solution {
public:
    int trailingZeroes(int n) {
        int sum=0;
        while(n>0){
            sum+=n/5;
            n/=5;
        }
        return sum;
    }
};
}

C/C++ code2

class Solution {
public:
    int trailingZeroes(int n) {
         return n==0?0:n/5+trailingZeroes(n/5);
    }
};