c# DI构造函数注入

dever.X

于 2024-07-22 02:13:59 发布

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文章标签： c# java 开发语言

构造函数注入（Constructor Injection）是依赖注入（DI）的一种形式，是指通过类的构造函数将依赖项（通常是其他类或接口的实例）传递给类的实例。

这种方式可以让类在实例化时就具备所需的依赖项，使得这些依赖项对于类的实现来说是透明的，从而使得类更易于测试和维护。

示例

using System;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

namespace DI会传染
{
    internal class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ServiceCollection services = new ServiceCollection();
            services.AddScoped<Controller>();

            services.AddScoped<ILog,LogImpl>();
            services.AddScoped<IStorage, StorageImpl>();
            //services.AddScoped<IConfig, ConfigImpl>();

            services.AddScoped<IConfig, DBConfigImpl>();

            using (var sp = services.BuildServiceProvider())
            {
                var c=sp.GetRequiredService<Controller>();

                c.Test();
            }
        }
    }

    class Controller
    {
        private readonly ILog log;
        private readonly IStorage storage;

        public Controller(ILog log, IStorage storage)
        {
            this.log = log;
            this.storage = storage;
        }

        public void Test()
        {
            log.Log("开始上传");
            storage.Save("aasdfsdfasf", "1.txt");
            log.Log("上传完毕");
        }
    }

    interface ILog
    {
        void Log(string msg);
    }

    class LogImpl : ILog
    {
        public void Log(string msg)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"日志: {msg}");
        }
    }

    interface IConfig
    {
        public string GetValue(string name);
    }

    class ConfigImpl : IConfig
    {
        public string GetValue(string name)
        {
            return "hello";
        }
    }

    class DBConfigImpl : IConfig
    {
        public string GetValue(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("从数据库读的配置");
            return "hello db";
        }
    }

    interface IStorage
    {
        public void Save(string content, string name);
    }

    class StorageImpl : IStorage
    {
        private readonly IConfig config;

        public StorageImpl(IConfig config)
        {
            this.config = config;
        }

        public void Save(string content, string name)
        {
            string server = config.GetValue("server");
            Console.WriteLine($"向服务器{server}的文件名为{name}上传{content}");
        }
    }
}