tensorflow 2的一些API 介绍

functional API

Setup

import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras
from tensorflow.keras import layers

Introduction
The Keras functional API is a way to create models that is more flexible than the tf.keras.Sequential API. The functional API can handle models with non-linear topology, models with shared layers, and models with multiple inputs or outputs.

The main idea that a deep learning model is usually a directed acyclic graph (DAG) of layers. So the functional API is a way to build graphs of layers.

Consider the following model:

(input: 784-dimensional vectors)
↧
[Dense (64 units, relu activation)]
↧
[Dense (64 units, relu activation)]
↧
[Dense (10 units, softmax activation)]
↧
(output: logits of a probability distribution over 10 classes)

（1） Input Layer
This is a basic graph with three layers. To build this model using the functional API, start by creating an input node:

inputs = keras.Input(shape=(784,))

The shape of the data is set as a 784-dimensional vector. The batch size is always omitted since only the shape of each sample is specified.

If, for example, you have an image input with a shape of (32, 32, 3), you would use:

# Just for demonstration purposes.
img_inputs = keras.Input(shape=(32, 32, 3))

（2）Dense Layer
创建一个Dense层，并把img_inputs层作为输入：

dense = layers.Dense(64, activation='relu')
x = dense(inputs)

就像从 “inputs”层画一个箭头，指向这个我们建立的Dense层。把inputs传递到Dense Layer， 然后输出给 x。

（3）加几个新层

x = layers.Dense(64, activation='relu')(x)
outputs = layers.Dense(10)(x)

（4）建立一个Model
这时，可以建立一个model，通过指明层的inputs和outputs ：

model = keras.Model(inputs=inputs, outputs=outputs, name='mnist_model')

然后，可以检查模型总结（summary）：

model.summary()

Sequential API

Setup

import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras
from tensorflow.keras import layers

Example

model = tf.keras.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Dense(32, input_shape=(500,), activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.Dense(1))
model.summary()

Other API

tf.keras
这是一个很好用的API系列，可以参考Tensorflow 官网：Tensorflow API

（1）Model
官网上说，有两种建立Model的方法
1- With the “functional API”, where you start from Input, you chain layer calls to specify the model’s forward pass, and finally you create your model from inputs and outputs:

import tensorflow as tf

inputs = tf.keras.Input(shape=(3,))
x = tf.keras.layers.Dense(4, activation='relu')(inputs)
outputs = tf.keras.layers.Dense(5, activation='softmax')(x)
model = tf.keras.Model(inputs=inputs, outputs=outputs)

其实就是上面介绍的Functional Input 简洁版。

2- 第二种，类似于自己写一个subclass Model
in that case, you should define your layers in init and you should implement the model’s forward pass in call.（可参考官网）

（2）optimizers
tf.keras.optimizers
其中比较常见的Adam 算法：

tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(
    learning_rate=0.001, beta_1=0.9, beta_2=0.999, epsilon=1e-07, amsgrad=False,
    name='Adam', **kwargs
)

（3）layers
layers 里面有各种层的构建：Con2D，Dense，Flatten，MaxPool2D…
这里面介绍一个Lambda： tf.keras.layers.Lambda

tf.keras.layers.Lambda(
    function, output_shape=None, mask=None, arguments=None, **kwargs
)

Example（举个栗子）:
1-

# add a x -> x^2 layer
model.add(Lambda(lambda x: x ** 2))

2-
把上一层乘以scale然后输出：

new_layer = tf.keras.layers.Lambda(lambda x : x * scale) (previous_layer)

如有想要参考的，可以参考官网上面的内容，很全面完整。

参考:

Tensorflow官网：TensorFlow Core v2.1.0（API_docs）