title: Linux常用命令-网络命令
date: 2019-08-18 21:11:39
tags: Linux
categories: 运维
write命令
功能:给用户发信息,以Ctrl
+C
结束,通信双方要求已登录。
用法:wirte <用户名>
执行权限:所有用户
实例:
在zhong
这个用户下给root用户发信息
在root用户中就可以看见了
wall命令
英文缩写:wirte all
功能:发广播信息,所有登录用户都能收到
执行权限:所有用户
用法:wall [message]
示例:
[root@localhost ~]# wall Hello
Broadcast message from root@localhost.localdomain (pts/2) (Sun Aug 18 21:29:41 2019):
Hello
[zhong@localhost ~]$
Broadcast message from root@localhost.localdomain (pts/2) (Sun Aug 18 21:29:41 2019):
Hello
可以看到,发送者自己也能收到这个信息。
ping命令
功能:测试网络连通性
用法:ping [-c] [ip]
选项:-c
指定发送次数
示例:
[zhong@localhost ~]$ ping www.baidu.com -c 4
PING www.a.shifen.com (14.215.177.39) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=26.6 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=32.5 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=37.5 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=32.4 ms
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3005ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 26.609/32.293/37.540/3.875 ms
重点看丢包率packet loss
,丢包率高则说明网络状况不佳。
ifconfig
英文原意:interface configure
描述:查看和设置网卡信息
执行权限:root
语法:ifconfig 网卡名称 ip
查看网卡信息
[zhong@localhost ~]$ ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.146.128 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.146.255
inet6 fe80::487d:9db5:efb1:19b8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:b5:b4:4c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 7377 bytes 504286 (492.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 8791 bytes 14466799 (13.7 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 272 bytes 29576 (28.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 272 bytes 29576 (28.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:29:75:7b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33
是本机网卡,inet addr
:当前网络ip地址
last
功能:列出目前与过去登入系统的用户信息
如果想知道用户的最后登录用户可以用lastlog
traceroute
描述:显示数据包到主机间的路径
用法:traceroute 服务器地址
[root@ecs-s2-medium-2-linux-20190722215607 ~]# traceroute www.baidu.com
traceroute to www.baidu.com (180.101.49.12), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 * * *
2 * * *
3 100.80.0.1 (100.80.0.1) 7.387 ms * 7.234 ms
4 * 10.241.6.21 (10.241.6.21) 8.529 ms 8.700 ms
5 10.241.8.141 (10.241.8.141) 10.065 ms * 9.837 ms
6 * 10.230.2.146 (10.230.2.146) 1.128 ms 1.128 ms
7 10.230.2.108 (10.230.2.108) 9.665 ms 9.843 ms 9.932 ms
8 10.230.2.42 (10.230.2.42) 2.296 ms 3.847 ms 3.644 ms
9 * 10.1.128.65 (10.1.128.65) 2.442 ms 2.725 ms
10 10.1.128.82 (10.1.128.82) 2.841 ms * 10.1.128.74 (10.1.128.74) 2.760 ms
11 * * *
12 183.60.190.97 (183.60.190.97) 7.199 ms 183.60.190.101 (183.60.190.101) 8.062 ms 8.015 ms
13 113.96.4.65 (113.96.4.65) 4.938 ms * 4.298 ms
14 * 202.97.54.238 (202.97.54.238) 26.562 ms *
15 58.213.94.118 (58.213.94.118) 32.441 ms 32.433 ms *
16 58.213.94.90 (58.213.94.90) 29.217 ms * *
17 58.213.96.118 (58.213.96.118) 32.847 ms 58.213.96.94 (58.213.96.94) 32.748 ms 58.213.96.62 (58.213.96.62) 28.098
该命令会返回每个节点的延时,可以用此查看是哪个网络节点出现了问题。
netstat命令
描述:显示网络相关信息
权限:所有用户
选项:
-t
TCP协议-u
UDP协议-l
监听-r
路由-m
显示ip地址和端口号
例如:
# netstat -tlun
查看本机监听的端口
# netstat -an
查看本机所有的网络连接
# netstat -rn
查看本机路由表
例如:
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tun
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 192.168.146.128:22 192.168.146.1:53249 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 36 192.168.146.128:22 192.168.146.1:54298 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 192.168.146.128:22 192.168.146.1:54280 ESTABLISHED
通常这个命令用来与查看某个端口是否被占用,然后关闭
netstat -anp |grep 端口号
kill -9 进程pid
setup
描述:配置网络
执行权限:root
这个命令是红帽自带的配置命令。可以进入系统配置界面