springboot2.x（一）springboot基础及搭建

一、springboot的价值

我们在springboot之前最典型的就是ssm架构，spring生态最大的价值是能搭建J2EE生态，其强大的生命力也带来很多负面影响，(1)大量的xml配置文件让代码的可读性变差 （2）大量的架构集成需要架构师去做很多封装，

受新一代开发语言影响，springboot便应用而是：

（1）注解大于配置，大量使用代码注解来提到XML配置文件，降低代码量

（2）约定大于配置，用约定俗成的规范及命名规则代替配置，实现了简化目的

（3）高度集成，通过pom集成常用的开发基础架构，并提供封装类，降低架构师工作量，统一打成jar,便于部署

二、springboot2框架搭建

（1）springboot导航

 

（1）idea可用springboot自带的导航，但要链接到外网速度慢，可直接搭建简单的的maven框架，然后修改pom.xml文件

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.imooc</groupId>
  <artifactId>girl</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>girl</name>
  <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

  <!--依赖于spring-boot-starter-parent 包-->
  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <!--spring-boot-starter-web默认为我们提供一些SpringMVC必要的组件-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

  



  </dependencies>

 <!--阿里镜像-->
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>nexus-aliyun</id>
      <name>nexus-aliyun</name>
      <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
      <releases>
        <enabled>true</enabled>
      </releases>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </repository>
  </repositories>


  <build>
    <!--打jar包名-->
    <finalName>sbdemo</finalName>
    <plugins>
      <!--spring boot maven插件-->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

三、运行

1.启动类入口

/**
 * @class: com.jyj.soft.GirlApplication
 * @description:
 * @author: jiangzengkui
 * @company: 教育家
 * @create: 2020-12-02 17:38
 */

//启动入口注解
@SpringBootApplication
public class GirlApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //应用启动
        SpringApplication.run(GirlApplication.class, args);
    }
}

 2.测试类

//mvc注解
@RestController
public class HelloCtrol {

   //访问路径及方法
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String hello(){
       return "hello, jzk";
    }
}

3.运行

（1）在编辑器里直接运行GirlApplication类

（2）在pom.xml为当前路径，在dos里运行 mvn spring-boot:run

  (3)  用 mvn install 打包生成jar,然后运行jar   java -jar xxx.jar

浏览器里输入：

http://localhost:8080/hello

四.springboot pom.xml文件详解

注意：在idea里面按住ctrl+鼠标，点击gav相关配置，可进入这个引用对用的pom.xml文件

（1）父类继承,获得依赖版本号的管理

 

在sb的pom.xml  spring-boot-starter-parent

<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot </groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent </artifactId> <version>2.2.4.RELEASE </version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent>

spring-boot-starter-parent里的父亲

<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot </groupId> <artifactId> spring-boot-dependencies </artifactId> <version>2.2.4.RELEASE </version> <relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies </relativePath> </parent>

spring-boot-dependencies核心控制这个sb版本要依赖的其他jar的版本号

<properties> <activemq.version>5.15.11</activemq.version> <antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version> <appengine-sdk.version>1.9.77</appengine-sdk.version> <artemis.version>2.10.1</artemis.version> <aspectj.version>1.9.5</aspectj.version> <assertj.version>3.13.2</assertj.version> <atomikos.version>4.0.6</atomikos.version> <awaitility.version>4.0.2</awaitility.version> <bitronix.version>2.1.4</bitronix.version> 。。。。。 </properties>

 

（2）web场景启动器

 

 

在pom.xml配置web启动器

< dependency> < groupId>org.springframework.boot</ groupId> < artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</ artifactId> </ dependency>

打开spring-boot-starter-web.pom发现其已经引入了 json tomcat web-mvc等其他包

< dependencies> < dependency> < groupId>org.springframework.boot</ groupId> < artifactId>spring-boot-starter</ artifactId> < version>2.2.4.RELEASE</ version> < scope>compile</ scope> </ dependency> < dependency> < groupId>org.springframework.boot</ groupId> < artifactId>spring-boot-starter-json</ artifactId> < version>2.2.4.RELEASE</ version> < scope>compile</ scope> </ dependency> < dependency> < groupId>org.springframework.boot</ groupId> < artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</ artifactId> < version>2.2.4.RELEASE</ version> < scope>compile</ scope> </ dependency> < dependency> < groupId>org.springframework.boot</ groupId> < artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</ artifactId> < version>2.2.4.RELEASE</ version> < scope>compile</ scope> < exclusions> < exclusion> < artifactId>tomcat-embed-el</ artifactId> < groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</ groupId> </ exclusion> </ exclusions> </ dependency> < dependency> < groupId>org.springframework</ groupId> < artifactId>spring-web</ artifactId> < version>5.2.3.RELEASE</ version> < scope>compile</ scope> </ dependency> < dependency> < groupId>org.springframework</ groupId> < artifactId>spring-webmvc</ artifactId> < version>5.2.3.RELEASE</ version> < scope>compile</ scope> </ dependency>

场景说明

springboot把各种应用组合成一个个应用场景-start,只需要选择一个场景，则sb就会把这个场景里所有依赖的第三方框架和 包都引入 例如spring-boot-starter-web场景， 其会引入tomcat json mvc等各种第三方依赖

所有的聚合场景

ame	Description	Pom
spring-boot-starter	Core starter, including auto-configuration support, logging and YAML	Pom
spring-boot-starter-activemq	Starter for JMS messaging using Apache ActiveMQ	Pom
spring-boot-starter-amqp	Starter for using Spring AMQP and Rabbit MQ	Pom
spring-boot-starter-aop	Starter for aspect-oriented programming with Spring AOP and AspectJ	Pom
spring-boot-starter-artemis	Starter for JMS messaging using Apache Artemis	Pom
spring-boot-starter-batch	Starter for using Spring Batch	Pom
spring-boot-starter-cache	Starter for using Spring Framework’s caching support	Pom
spring-boot-starter-cloud-connectors	Starter for using Spring Cloud Connectors which simplifies connecting to services in cloud platforms like Cloud Foundry and Heroku. Deprecated in favor of Java CFEnv	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-cassandra	Starter for using Cassandra distributed database and Spring Data Cassandra	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-cassandra-reactive	Starter for using Cassandra distributed database and Spring Data Cassandra Reactive	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-couchbase	Starter for using Couchbase document-oriented database and Spring Data Couchbase	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-couchbase-reactive	Starter for using Couchbase document-oriented database and Spring Data Couchbase Reactive	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch	Starter for using Elasticsearch search and analytics engine and Spring Data Elasticsearch	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc	Starter for using Spring Data JDBC	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-jpa	Starter for using Spring Data JPA with Hibernate	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-ldap	Starter for using Spring Data LDAP	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb	Starter for using MongoDB document-oriented database and Spring Data MongoDB	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb-reactive	Starter for using MongoDB document-oriented database and Spring Data MongoDB Reactive	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-neo4j	Starter for using Neo4j graph database and Spring Data Neo4j	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-redis	Starter for using Redis key-value data store with Spring Data Redis and the Lettuce client	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-redis-reactive	Starter for using Redis key-value data store with Spring Data Redis reactive and the Lettuce client	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-rest	Starter for exposing Spring Data repositories over REST using Spring Data REST	Pom
spring-boot-starter-data-solr	Starter for using the Apache Solr search platform with Spring Data Solr	Pom
spring-boot-starter-freemarker	Starter for building MVC web applications using FreeMarker views	Pom
spring-boot-starter-groovy-templates	Starter for building MVC web applications using Groovy Templates views	Pom
spring-boot-starter-hateoas	Starter for building hypermedia-based RESTful web application with Spring MVC and Spring HATEOAS	Pom
spring-boot-starter-integration	Starter for using Spring Integration	Pom
spring-boot-starter-jdbc	Starter for using JDBC with the HikariCP connection pool	Pom
spring-boot-starter-jersey	Starter for building RESTful web applications using JAX-RS and Jersey. An alternative to  spring-boot-starter-web	Pom
spring-boot-starter-jooq	Starter for using jOOQ to access SQL databases. An alternative to  spring-boot-starter-data-jpa  or  spring-boot-starter-jdbc	Pom
spring-boot-starter-json	Starter for reading and writing json	Pom
spring-boot-starter-jta-atomikos	Starter for JTA transactions using Atomikos	Pom
spring-boot-starter-jta-bitronix	Starter for JTA transactions using Bitronix	Pom
spring-boot-starter-mail	Starter for using Java Mail and Spring Framework’s email sending support	Pom
spring-boot-starter-mustache	Starter for building web applications using Mustache views	Pom
spring-boot-starter-oauth2-client	Starter for using Spring Security’s OAuth2/OpenID Connect client features	Pom
spring-boot-starter-oauth2-resource-server	Starter for using Spring Security’s OAuth2 resource server features	Pom
spring-boot-starter-quartz	Starter for using the Quartz scheduler	Pom
spring-boot-starter-rsocket	Starter for building RSocket clients and servers.	Pom
spring-boot-starter-security	Starter for using Spring Security	Pom
spring-boot-starter-test	Starter for testing Spring Boot applications with libraries including JUnit, Hamcrest and Mockito	Pom
spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf	Starter for building MVC web applications using Thymeleaf views	Pom
spring-boot-starter-validation	Starter for using Java Bean Validation with Hibernate Validator	Pom
spring-boot-starter-web	Starter for building web, including RESTful, applications using Spring MVC. Uses Tomcat as the default embedded container	Pom
spring-boot-starter-web-services	Starter for using Spring Web Services	Pom
spring-boot-starter-webflux	Starter for building WebFlux applications using Spring Framework’s Reactive Web support	Pom
spring-boot-starter-websocket	Starter for building WebSocket applications using Spring Framework’s WebSocket support	Pom

 

（3）核心注解

 

SpringBootApplication：实现了配置的主动加载功能

@SpringBootApplication	SpingBoot应用程序启动配置，里面有两个核心的配置 @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration
@SpringBootConfiguration	配置注解类，里面有包含 @Configuration 其实就是替换掉springcfg.xml等大量配置文件的
@Configuration	标注起 @Configuration表示本类为配置类，加了@Configuration 表示把配置类纳入sping容器里
@EnableAutoConfiguration	自动配置类，我们没配置有spring的大量配置，为什么程序能运行， 是因为这个配置类把自动装置配置：约定优于配置 里面包含：   @AutoConfigurationPackage @Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector. class})
@AutoConfigurationPackage	自动扫描包 可找到@SpringBootConfiguration注解类所在的包，可将这个包及其子包所有类都加入到spring容器   传统的写法是手动扫描到scan到spring容器中
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector. class})	引入第三方依赖（jar,配置） springboot启动时，能查找spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.2.4.RELEASE.jar/META-INF/spring.factories里的第三方引用包
总结	编写项目是，一般会对自己些的代码和引入第三方的进行配置，springboot 将自动帮您配置 （1）自己写的代码， @AutoConfigurationPackage （2）第三方依赖， 能查找spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.2.4.RELEASE.jar/META-INF/spring.factories里的第三方引用包，   spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.2.4.RELEASE.jar整合了j2ee需要的各种应用

 

 

(4).属性文件的配置读取

 

通过自动装载，springboot内置了很多默认的配置（约定大于配置），但这些情况都可以通过配置文件修改

application.properties、  application.yml都是可以维护数据配置

 

yml文件格式

 

server:

  port: 8082

  servlet:

    path: /girle

jiba: long

 

person:

     userName: jzk

     sex: 1

     height: 40

    weigth: 80

    address:  星湖大道

   desc:  ${person.userName}住在${person.address}   //属性文件的值可以相互引用

yml文件规则 : 

1. ：后面必须是空格加值
2.  换行缩进一空格表示是分组，相当于一个类的属性
3. 第一行必须顶格，不能加空格

 

person:

     userName: jzk

 等价于properties 属性文件的person.userName=蒋增奎

java读取属性方法

 

  (1)在类的直接用属性读取

     @Value("${person.jiba}")

    private String jiba;

 

（2）读取到属性bean里面去

 

//注解

@Component

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") //对应分组名

public class Person {

    private String userName;

    private Integer sex;

    private Integer height;

    private Integer weigth;

    private String address;

    private String desc;

  .......

}

 

 

//其他类里引用

  @Autowired

    private Person person;

 

（3）技巧，属性文件用于不同场景

  三个文件,注意默认名人，application.yml,其他的是application+中划线+名称

  

首先执行application.yml,其文件内容

spring:

  profiles:

    active: dev

意思是执行application-dev.yml文件，如改成prod，则执行prod文件 （约定大于配置）

 

//获得在启动时，带启动参数，则可以动态执行哪个文件

 

D:\java\idea_iu\project\target>java -jar girl-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar   --spring.profiles.active=prod

 

注意：properties和yml文件可以共存，相互补充，并可相互调用

 

外部配置文件的读取

把一个属性文件application.properties放到c盘，

在启动时带上参数： --spring.config.location=C:/application.properties

eg:

java -jar sb-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar  --spring.config.location=C:/application.properties

外部配置文件优先级大于内部配置文件

 

外部配置文件的作用：修改一些配置，又不想重新打包发布

 

外部修改少量参数

直接带上参数即可

eg：java -jar sb-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar   --server.port=8888

 

优先级：外部大于内部,properties大于yml

 

 

(5).手动装置类

 

springboot自动装载各种配置文件，如果我们自己手写的配置文件，sb不会加载，必须

方法1：配置文件

在主类入口增加 @ImportResource注解

 

 

配置文件spring.xml	<? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns =" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans " xmlns: xsi =" http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance " xsi :schemaLocation =" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd "> < bean id ="UserService" class ="com.jyj.sbdemo.service.UserService"></ bean> </ beans>
主入口类用 ImportResource 注解	@SpringBootApplication @ImportResource(locations = { "classpath:spring.xml" }) public class SbDemoApplication {   public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication. run(SbDemoApplication. class, args); }   }
运用	@Autowired ApplicationContext cont; @Test public void t1(){ UserService mg=(UserService) cont.getBean( "UserService"); System. out.println(mg+ "===="); }

 

方法2：通过注解的方式来配置

 

springboot不推荐使用配置文件来配置，推荐用注解类

通过 @Configuration,@Bean注解的配置类来实现

 

配置类	@Configuration public class AppConfig { @Bean public UserService myUserServer(){ //在启动的时候就会执行这个方法 UserService mg= new UserService(); return mg; } } 注意：方法名myUserServer就是bean的id名 等价于xml配置 < bean id =" myUserServer " class ="com.jyj.sbdemo.service.UserService"></ bean>
运用	@Autowired UserService  mg ; @Test public void  t1(){ System. out .println( mg + "====" ); }