竹海码路 （驱动篇1）---------- USB认知

建立唯一标识

usb_device_id是给USB core看，来确定设备需要哪个程序，对于热插拔设备来说，当插入设备时候应该自动加载那个驱动程序

struct usb_device_id - identifies USB devices for probing and hotplugging

MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE是允许用户空间的工具判断驱动程序可以控制怎么的设备

告诉老东家

用户和USBcore有很大的交互

struct usb_driver - identifies USB interface driver to usbcore

驱动实现四大步，安装，卸载，探测，断开

probe函数是最复杂的，也是最难的，网上文章很多，本人不在赘述。

最终

本文福利：USB常识，小编做了一个USB的简要总结。主要涉及各个版本速率以及2.与3.0比较

翻版必究，知识产权归竹海（ZHUHAI.EE）所有。

下文为方便查阅驱动core代码，引用linux内核源码。

/**
 * struct usb_driver - identifies USB interface driver to usbcore
 * @name: The driver name should be unique among USB drivers,
 *	and should normally be the same as the module name.
 * @probe: Called to see if the driver is willing to manage a particular
 *	interface on a device.  If it is, probe returns zero and uses
 *	usb_set_intfdata() to associate driver-specific data with the
 *	interface.  It may also use usb_set_interface() to specify the
 *	appropriate altsetting.  If unwilling to manage the interface,
 *	return -ENODEV, if genuine IO errors occurred, an appropriate
 *	negative errno value.
 * @disconnect: Called when the interface is no longer accessible, usually
 *	because its device has been (or is being) disconnected or the
 *	driver module is being unloaded.
 * @unlocked_ioctl: Used for drivers that want to talk to userspace through
 *	the "usbfs" filesystem.  This lets devices provide ways to
 *	expose information to user space regardless of where they
 *	do (or don't) show up otherwise in the filesystem.
 * @suspend: Called when the device is going to be suspended by the
 *	system either from system sleep or runtime suspend context. The
 *	return value will be ignored in system sleep context, so do NOT
 *	try to continue using the device if suspend fails in this case.
 *	Instead, let the resume or reset-resume routine recover from
 *	the failure.
 * @resume: Called when the device is being resumed by the system.
 * @reset_resume: Called when the suspended device has been reset instead
 *	of being resumed.
 * @pre_reset: Called by usb_reset_device() when the device is about to be
 *	reset.  This routine must not return until the driver has no active
 *	URBs for the device, and no more URBs may be submitted until the
 *	post_reset method is called.
 * @post_reset: Called by usb_reset_device() after the device
 *	has been reset
 * @id_table: USB drivers use ID table to support hotplugging.
 *	Export this with MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb,...).  This must be set
 *	or your driver's probe function will never get called.
 * @dynids: used internally to hold the list of dynamically added device
 *	ids for this driver.
 * @drvwrap: Driver-model core structure wrapper.
 * @no_dynamic_id: if set to 1, the USB core will not allow dynamic ids to be
 *	added to this driver by preventing the sysfs file from being created.
 * @supports_autosuspend: if set to 0, the USB core will not allow autosuspend
 *	for interfaces bound to this driver.
 * @soft_unbind: if set to 1, the USB core will not kill URBs and disable
 *	endpoints before calling the driver's disconnect method.
 * @disable_hub_initiated_lpm: if set to 1, the USB core will not allow hubs
 *	to initiate lower power link state transitions when an idle timeout
 *	occurs.  Device-initiated USB 3.0 link PM will still be allowed.
 *
 * USB interface drivers must provide a name, probe() and disconnect()
 * methods, and an id_table.  Other driver fields are optional.
 *
 * The id_table is used in hotplugging.  It holds a set of descriptors,
 * and specialized data may be associated with each entry.  That table
 * is used by both user and kernel mode hotplugging support.
 *
 * The probe() and disconnect() methods are called in a context where
 * they can sleep, but they should avoid abusing the privilege.  Most
 * work to connect to a device should be done when the device is opened,
 * and undone at the last close.  The disconnect code needs to address
 * concurrency issues with respect to open() and close() methods, as
 * well as forcing all pending I/O requests to complete (by unlinking
 * them as necessary, and blocking until the unlinks complete).
 */
struct usb_driver {
	const char *name;

	int (*probe) (struct usb_interface *intf,
		      const struct usb_device_id *id);

	void (*disconnect) (struct usb_interface *intf);

	int (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct usb_interface *intf, unsigned int code,
			void *buf);

	int (*suspend) (struct usb_interface *intf, pm_message_t message);
	int (*resume) (struct usb_interface *intf);
	int (*reset_resume)(struct usb_interface *intf);

	int (*pre_reset)(struct usb_interface *intf);
	int (*post_reset)(struct usb_interface *intf);

	const struct usb_device_id *id_table;

	struct usb_dynids dynids;
	struct usbdrv_wrap drvwrap;
	unsigned int no_dynamic_id:1;
	unsigned int supports_autosuspend:1;
	unsigned int disable_hub_initiated_lpm:1;
	unsigned int soft_unbind:1;
};
#define	to_usb_driver(d) container_of(d, struct usb_driver, drvwrap.driver)

/**
 * struct usb_device_driver - identifies USB device driver to usbcore
 * @name: The driver name should be unique among USB drivers,
 *	and should normally be the same as the module name.
 * @probe: Called to see if the driver is willing to manage a particular
 *	device.  If it is, probe returns zero and uses dev_set_drvdata()
 *	to associate driver-specific data with the device.  If unwilling
 *	to manage the device, return a negative errno value.
 * @disconnect: Called when the device is no longer accessible, usually
 *	because it has been (or is being) disconnected or the driver's
 *	module is being unloaded.
 * @suspend: Called when the device is going to be suspended by the system.
 * @resume: Called when the device is being resumed by the system.
 * @drvwrap: Driver-model core structure wrapper.
 * @supports_autosuspend: if set to 0, the USB core will not allow autosuspend
 *	for devices bound to this driver.
 *
 * USB drivers must provide all the fields listed above except drvwrap.
 */
struct usb_device_driver {
	const char *name;

	int (*probe) (struct usb_device *udev);
	void (*disconnect) (struct usb_device *udev);

	int (*suspend) (struct usb_device *udev, pm_message_t message);
	int (*resume) (struct usb_device *udev, pm_message_t message);
	struct usbdrv_wrap drvwrap;
	unsigned int supports_autosuspend:1;
};