VSCODE C++多文件编译

一、创建多个源文件程序

1.stuinfo.h

// stuinfo.h

#ifndef STUINFO_H
#define STUINFO_H

#include <string>

// 定义 student 结构体
struct student {
    std::string name;
    int age;
    int score;
};

// 初始化学生信息的函数声明
void initStudent(student& stu);

// 打印学生信息的函数声明
void printStudent(const student& stu);

#endif

2.stuinfo.cpp

// stuinfo.cpp

#include "stuinfo.h"
#include <iostream>

// 初始化学生信息的函数定义
void initStudent(student& stu) {
    // 在这里初始化 stu
    stu.name = "Tom";
    stu.age = 18;
    stu.score = 90;
}

// 打印学生信息的函数定义
void printStudent(const student& stu) {
    std::cout << "name:" << stu.name << std::endl;
    std::cout << "age:" << stu.age << std::endl;
    std::cout << "score:" << stu.score << std::endl;
}

3.main.cpp

// main.cpp

#include "stuinfo.h"

int main() {
    // 声明并初始化 stu1
    student stu1;
    initStudent(stu1);

    // 调用 printStudent() 函数打印 stu1 的信息
    printStudent(stu1);

    return 0;
}

二、错误分析

正在启动生成...
D:\vscode\mingw64\bin\g++.exe -fdiagnostics-color=always -g F:\Desktop\CODE\separate\main.cpp -o F:\Desktop\CODE\separate\main.exe
D:/vscode/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\pc\AppData\Local\Temp\cclYZgRg.o: in function `main':
F:\Desktop\CODE\separate/main.cpp:8: undefined reference to `initStudent(student&)'
D:/vscode/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: F:\Desktop\CODE\separate/main.cpp:11: undefined reference to `printStudent(student const&)'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

生成已完成，但出现错误。

 *  终端进程启动失败(退出代码: -1)。 
 *  终端将被任务重用，按任意键关闭。 

原因分析：vscode使用g++编译的时候默认只编译了单个文件main.cpp，所以没有将stuinfo.cpp进行编译，导致程序在链接的过程中找不到printStudent(student const&)函数的符号。

三、解决办法

打开tasks.json

将"${file}"修改为"${fileDirname}\\*.cpp"，如图所示：

tasks.json完整代码：

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "g++",
            "command": "g++",
            "args": [
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"
            ],
            "problemMatcher": {
                "owner": "cpp",
                "fileLocation": [
                    "relative",
                    "${workspaceRoot}"
                ],
                "pattern": {
                    "regexp": "^(.*):(\\d+):(\\d+):\\s+(warning|error):\\s+(.*)$",
                    "file": 1,
                    "line": 2,
                    "column": 3,
                    "severity": 4,
                    "message": 5
                }
            },
            "group": "build"
        },
        {
            "type": "cppbuild",
            "label": "C/C++: g++.exe 生成活动文件",
            "command": "D:\\vscode\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe",
            "args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g",
                "${fileDirname}\\*.cpp",
               //"${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "调试器生成的任务。"
        }
    ]
}

修改后运行结果如下：