pandas.read_csv() 参数 header整理_read.csv header-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41300650/article/details/102584758

本文详细解析了Pandas库中read_csv函数的header参数使用方法，通过实例展示了如何指定不同行数作为列名，以及如何处理多级标题，帮助读者深入理解数据加载过程。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

header : int, list of int, default ‘infer’

指定行数用来作为列名，数据开始行数。如果文件中没有列名，则默认为0，否则设置为None。如果明确设定header=0 就会替换掉原来存在列名。header参数可以是一个list例如：[0,1,3]，这个list表示将文件中的这些行作为列标题（意味着每一列有多个标题），介于中间的行将被忽略掉（例如本例中的2；本例中的数据1,2,4行将被作为多级标题出现，第3行数据将被丢弃，dataframe的数据从第5行开始。）。

注意：如果skip_blank_lines=True 那么header参数忽略注释行和空行，所以header=0表示第一行数据而不是文件的第一行。

举例如下：

导入pandas库

import pandas as pd

1 数据有列名

	Age	Gender	Education	EducationField	MaritalStatus	Income	OverTime
0	37	Male	4	Life Sciences	Divorced	5993	No
1	54	Female	4	Life Sciences	Divorced	10502	No
2	34	Male	3	Life Sciences	Single	6074	Yes
3	39	Female	1	Life Sciences	Married	12742	No
4	28	Male	3	Medical	Divorced	2596	No
5	24	Female	1	Medical	Married	4162	Yes
6	29	Male	5	Other	Single	3983	No
7	36	Male	2	Medical	Married	7596	No
8	33	Female	4	Medical	Married	2622	No
9	34	Female	4	Technical Degree	Single	6687	No
10	24	Male	1	Human Resources	Married	1555	No

1.1 header默认，文件中没有列名，则默认为0，否则设置为None。

data = pd.read_csv('./train.csv')
print(data.head(5))

输出结果：

   Age  Gender  Education EducationField MaritalStatus  Income OverTime
0   37    Male          4  Life Sciences      Divorced    5993       No
1   54  Female          4  Life Sciences      Divorced   10502       No
2   34    Male          3  Life Sciences        Single    6074      Yes
3   39  Female          1  Life Sciences       Married   12742       No
4   28    Male          3        Medical      Divorced    2596       No

1.2 header=0， header 等于n，则第n行作为列名，Dataframe 从n+1行的数据开始。

data = pd.read_csv('./train.csv', header=0)
print(data.head(5))

输出结果：

   Age  Gender  Education EducationField MaritalStatus  Income OverTime
0   37    Male          4  Life Sciences      Divorced    5993       No
1   54  Female          4  Life Sciences      Divorced   10502       No
2   34    Male          3  Life Sciences        Single    6074      Yes
3   39  Female          1  Life Sciences       Married   12742       No
4   28    Male          3        Medical      Divorced    2596       No

1.3 header=1， header 等于n，则第n行作为列名，Dataframe 从n+1行的数据开始。

data = pd.read_csv('./train.csv', header=1)
print(data.head(5))

输出结果：

   37    Male  4  Life Sciences  Divorced   5993   No
0  54  Female  4  Life Sciences  Divorced  10502   No
1  34    Male  3  Life Sciences    Single   6074  Yes
2  39  Female  1  Life Sciences   Married  12742   No
3  28    Male  3        Medical  Divorced   2596   No
4  24  Female  1        Medical   Married   4162  Yes

1.4 header=[2] 和 header=2 效果一样

data = pd.read_csv('./train.csv', header=[2])
print(data.head(5))

输出结果：

   54  Female  4  Life Sciences  Divorced  10502   No
0  34    Male  3  Life Sciences    Single   6074  Yes
1  39  Female  1  Life Sciences   Married  12742   No
2  28    Male  3        Medical  Divorced   2596   No
3  24  Female  1        Medical   Married   4162  Yes
4  29    Male  5          Other    Single   3983   No

1.5 header=[0, 2, 3]，表示将文件中的第 0, 2, 3 行作为列标题（意味着每一列有多个标题）。数据的0，2，3行将被作为多级标题出现，第1行数据将被丢弃，dataframe的数据从第4行开始。

data = pd.read_csv('./train.csv', header=[0,2,3])
print(data.head(5))

输出结果：

  Age  Gender Education EducationField MaritalStatus Income OverTime
   54  Female         4  Life Sciences      Divorced  10502       No
   34    Male         3  Life Sciences        Single   6074      Yes
0  39  Female         1  Life Sciences       Married  12742       No
1  28    Male         3        Medical      Divorced   2596       No
2  24  Female         1        Medical       Married   4162      Yes
3  29    Male         5          Other        Single   3983       No
4  36    Male         2        Medical       Married   7596       No

1.6 header = None

data = pd.read_csv('./train.csv', header=None)
print(data.head(5))

输出结果：

     0       1          2               3              4       5         6
0  Age  Gender  Education  EducationField  MaritalStatus  Income  OverTime
1   37    Male          4   Life Sciences       Divorced    5993        No
2   54  Female          4   Life Sciences       Divorced   10502        No
3   34    Male          3   Life Sciences         Single    6074       Yes
4   39  Female          1   Life Sciences        Married   12742        No