3、servlet之web.xml详解(2)or(ServletConfig的作用)

1、环境:
idea 2020.1
window 10
java se 1.8.0_271
2、目录结构

3、示例web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
 <servlet>
        <servlet-name>helloServletAlisa</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.serverlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--配置servlet的初始化参数-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>username</param-name>
            <param-value>admin</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--一个servlet可以配置多个初始化参数-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>password</param-name>
            <param-value>123456</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>helloServletAlisa</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello2</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

4、HelloServlet.java文件

package com.serverlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloServlet implements Servlet {
    public HelloServlet(){
        System.out.println("1、构造方法");
    }
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("2、init初始化方法");
//        ServletConfig的三个作用：
//          1、可以获取Servlet程序的别名servlet-nmae的值
        System.out.println("HelloServlet程序的别名:"+servletConfig.getServletName());
//          2、获取初始化参数init-param
        System.out.println("HelloServlet程序的初始化参数-username:"+servletConfig.getInitParameter("username"));
        System.out.println("HelloServlet程序的初始化参数-password:"+servletConfig.getInitParameter("password"));

//          3、获取ServletContext对象
        System.out.println("HelloServlet程序的上下文对象::"+servletConfig.getServletContext());

    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest=(HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        String type=httpServletRequest.getMethod();
        switch (type.toUpperCase()){
            case "GET":
                doGet();
                break;
            case "POST":
                doPost();
                break;
        }
        System.out.println("3、service方法");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("4、结束");
    }

    private void doGet(){
        System.out.println("get请求");
    }
    private void doPost(){
        System.out.println("post请求");
    }
}

5、启动后，访问/hello2路径，控制台打印如下：