【Dison夏令营 Day 19】用Python编写迷宫游戏

在本教程中，您将学习如何制作一款迷宫游戏。玩法很简单，就是用箭头键在迷宫中移动。

入门：基本结构和事件处理

我们定义了一个播放器类，该类用于保存 Player 在屏幕上的位置和移动速度。此外，我们还定义了 Player 实例可以执行的操作（动作）：

class Player:
    x = 10
    y = 10
    speed = 1
 
    def moveRight(self):
        self.x = self.x + self.speed
 
    def moveLeft(self):
        self.x = self.x - self.speed
 
    def moveUp(self):
        self.y = self.y - self.speed
 
    def moveDown(self):
        self.y = self.y + self.speed

使用移动方法可以创建 Player 对象并修改变量。我们将这些方法与事件联系起来。在 Pygame 中，我们可以使用这段代码获得非阻塞键盘输入：

pygame.event.pump()
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
            
if (keys[K_RIGHT]):
    print "Right arrow pressed."

完整的代码可以让我们在屏幕上移动 Player：

from pygame.locals import *
import pygame
 
class Player:
    x = 10
    y = 10
    speed = 1
 
    def moveRight(self):
        self.x = self.x + self.speed
 
    def moveLeft(self):
        self.x = self.x - self.speed
 
    def moveUp(self):
        self.y = self.y - self.speed
 
    def moveDown(self):
        self.y = self.y + self.speed
 
class App:
 
    windowWidth = 800
    windowHeight = 600
    player = 0
 
    def __init__(self):
        self._running = True
        self._display_surf = None
        self._image_surf = None
        self.player = Player()
 
    def on_init(self):
        pygame.init()
        self._display_surf = pygame.display.set_mode((self.windowWidth,self.windowHeight), pygame.HWSURFACE)
        
        pygame.display.set_caption('Pygame pythonspot.com example')
        self._running = True
        self._image_surf = pygame.image.load("pygame.png").convert()
 
    def on_event(self, event):
        if event.type == QUIT:
            self._running = False
 
    def on_loop(self):
        pass
    
    def on_render(self):
        self._display_surf.fill((0,0,0))
        self._display_surf.blit(self._image_surf,(self.player.x,self.player.y))
        pygame.display.flip()
 
    def on_cleanup(self):
        pygame.quit()
 
    def on_execute(self):
        if self.on_init() == False:
            self._running = False
 
        while( self._running ):
            pygame.event.pump()
            keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
            
            if (keys[K_RIGHT]):
                self.player.moveRight()
 
            if (keys[K_LEFT]):
                self.player.moveLeft()
 
            if (keys[K_UP]):
                self.player.moveUp()
 
            if (keys[K_DOWN]):
                self.player.moveDown()
 
            if (keys[K_ESCAPE]):
                self._running = False
 
            self.on_loop()
            self.on_render()
        self.on_cleanup()
 
if __name__ == "__main__" :
    theApp = App()
    theApp.on_execute()

现在，您可以使用箭头键在屏幕上移动方块。

创建迷宫

我们定义了一个 NxM 矩阵来表示迷宫区块的位置。在这个矩阵中，元素 1 代表存在一个区块，元素 0 代表不存在。

class Maze:
    def __init__(self):
       self.M = 10
       self.N = 8
       self.maze = [ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
                     1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                     1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                     1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,
                     1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                     1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,
                     1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                     1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,]

我们有了绘制迷宫的完整代码：

from pygame.locals import *
import pygame
 
class Player:
    x = 44
    y = 44
    speed = 1
 
    def moveRight(self):
        self.x = self.x + self.speed
 
    def moveLeft(self):
        self.x = self.x - self.speed
 
    def moveUp(self):
        self.y = self.y - self.speed
 
    def moveDown(self):
        self.y = self.y + self.speed
 
class Maze:
    def __init__(self):
       self.M = 10
       self.N = 8
       self.maze = [ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
                     1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                     1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                     1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,
                     1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                     1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,
                     1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                     1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,]

    def draw(self,display_surf,image_surf):
       bx = 0
       by = 0
       for i in range(0,self.M*self.N):
           if self.maze[ bx + (by*self.M) ] == 1:
               display_surf.blit(image_surf,( bx * 44 , by * 44))
      
           bx = bx + 1
           if bx > self.M-1:
               bx = 0 
               by = by + 1


class App:
 
    windowWidth = 800
    windowHeight = 600
    player = 0
 
    def __init__(self):
        self._running = True
        self._display_surf = None
        self._image_surf = None
        self._block_surf = None
        self.player = Player()
        self.maze = Maze()
 
    def on_init(self):
        pygame.init()
        self._display_surf = pygame.display.set_mode((self.windowWidth,self.windowHeight), pygame.HWSURFACE)
        
        pygame.display.set_caption('Pygame pythonspot.com example')
        self._running = True
        self._image_surf = pygame.image.load("player.png").convert()
        self._block_surf = pygame.image.load("block.png").convert()
 
    def on_event(self, event):
        if event.type == QUIT:
            self._running = False
 
    def on_loop(self):
        pass
    
    def on_render(self):
        self._display_surf.fill((0,0,0))
        self._display_surf.blit(self._image_surf,(self.player.x,self.player.y))
        self.maze.draw(self._display_surf, self._block_surf)
        pygame.display.flip()
 
    def on_cleanup(self):
        pygame.quit()
 
    def on_execute(self):
        if self.on_init() == False:
            self._running = False
 
        while( self._running ):
            pygame.event.pump()
            keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
            
            if (keys[K_RIGHT]):
                self.player.moveRight()
 
            if (keys[K_LEFT]):
                self.player.moveLeft()
 
            if (keys[K_UP]):
                self.player.moveUp()
 
            if (keys[K_DOWN]):
                self.player.moveDown()
 
            if (keys[K_ESCAPE]):
                self._running = False
 
            self.on_loop()
            self.on_render()
        self.on_cleanup()
 
if __name__ == "__main__" :
    theApp = App()
    theApp.on_execute()

结束语

您已经学会了如何用 Python 创建二维迷宫。