java IO流的简单使用——教你写一个属于自己的图片格式
说在前面：本次学习需要提前学会：java窗口的编写、画图板的制作；
1、 简单的I/O知识点：
（1）、保存一个数字或字符到指定文件的简单步骤：
第一步，建立一个OutputStream类以及DataOutputStream类：
OutputStream OutputStream类名= new FileOutputStream(文件路径以及文件名，没有则会自动创建);
DataOutputStream DataOutputStream类名 = new DataOutputStream(OutputStream对象名);
第二步，使用writeChar方法写入字符，使用writeInt方法写入整形数字：
DataOutputStream对象名.writeChar('|');
DataOutputStream对象名.writeInt(1);
第三步，刷新，讲流里面缓存的数据写入文件：
DataOutputStream对象名.flush();
第四步，关闭文件：
DataOutputStream对象名.close();
（2）、打开一个数字或字符到指定文件的简单步骤：
第一步，建立一个InputStream类以及DataInputStream类：
OutputStream InputStream类名= new FileInputStream(文件路径以及文件名，没有则会自动创建);
DataInputStream DataOutputStream类名 = new DataInputStream(OutputStream对象名);
第二步，使用writeChar方法写入字符，使用writeInt方法写入整形数字：
DataInputStream对象名.readChar();
DataInputStream对象名.readInt();
第三步，关闭文件：
DataInStream对象名.close();
2、 写一个属于自己的图片格式
（1）、写一个窗口，添加两个按钮和两个文本框，两个按钮的文字分别为保存、打开，如下：
—DraFrame.java—
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class DrawFrame {
public static void main(String [] args){
showUI();
}
public static void showUI(){
JFrame jsf = new JFrame();
jsf.setSize(1000,900);
jsf.setTitle("画板");
jsf.setDefaultCloseOperation(3); //设置退出程序方法
jsf.setLocationRelativeTo(null); //设置居中显示
// jsf.setResizable(false);
java.awt.FlowLayout jaf = new java.awt.FlowLayout();
jsf.setLayout(jaf);
JTextField jst_Name = new JTextField("请输入文件名");
jsf.add(jst_ Name);
JTextField jst_Path = new JTextField("请输入文件路径及文件名");
jsf.add(jst_Path);
JButton jsb_Sa = new JButton("保存");
jsf.add(jsb_Sa);
JButton jsb_Op = new JButton("打开");
jsf.add(jsb_Op);
jsf.setVisible(true);
}
}
（2）、为窗口添加鼠标监听器，实现画直线功能：
—DraFrame.java—
import java.awt.Graphics;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class DrawFrame {
public static void main(String [] args){
showUI();
}
public static void showUI(){
JFrame jsf = new JFrame();
jsf.setSize(1000,900);
jsf.setTitle("画板");
jsf.setDefaultCloseOperation(3); //设置退出程序方法
jsf.setLocationRelativeTo(null); //设置居中显示
// jsf.setResizable(false);
java.awt.FlowLayout jaf = new java.awt.FlowLayout();
jsf.setLayout(jaf);
JTextField jst_Name = new JTextField("请输入文件名");
jsf.add(jst_IfsX);
JTextField jst_Path = new JTextField("请输入路径及文件名");
jsf.add(jst_Path);
JButton jsb_Sa = new JButton("保存");
jsf.add(jsb_Sa);
JButton jsb_Op = new JButton("打开");
jsf.add(jsb_Op);
jsf.setVisible(true);
Graphics g = jsf.getGraphics();
DrawListener d = new DrawListener(g);
jsf.addMouseListener(d);
}
}
— DrawListener.java—
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class DrawListener implements MouseListener {
private int x1,x2,y1,y2;
Graphics g;
public DrawListener(Graphics g) {
this.g = g;
}
@Override
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
x1=e.getX();
y1=e.getY();
}
@Override
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
x2=e.getX();
y2=e.getY();
g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
}
@Override
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
（3）、写一个类，在画线时将点的位置数据保存，同时在里面写一个画线的方法：
—PointInfo.java—
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class PointInfo {
Graphics g;
private int x1,y1,x2,y2;
PointInfo(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2){
this.x1=x1;
this.y1=y1;
this.x2=x2;
this.y2=y2;
}
public void draw(){
g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
}
}
（4）、在监听器类里写一个PointInfo：的对象数组，在画线时将各点数据保存：
—DrawListener.java—
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class DrawListener implements MouseListener,ActionListener {
private int count = 0;
PointInfo[] point = new PointInfo[100];
private int x1,x2,y1,y2;
Graphics g;
public DrawListener(Graphics g) {
this.g = g;
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
x1=e.getX();
y1=e.getY();
}
@Override
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
x2=e.getX();
y2=e.getY();
g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
PointInfo p = new PointInfo(x1, y1, x2, y2);
point[count++] = p;
}
@Override
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
（4）、为保存按钮添加事件监听器，实现保存功能，为打开按钮添加事件监听器，实现打开功能：
---DrawFrame.java---
import java.awt.Graphics;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class DrawFrame {
public static void main(String [] args){
showUI();
}
public static void showUI(){
JFrame jsf = new JFrame();
jsf.setSize(1000,900);
jsf.setTitle("画板");
jsf.setDefaultCloseOperation(3); //设置退出程序方法
jsf.setLocationRelativeTo(null); //设置居中显示
// jsf.setResizable(false);
java.awt.FlowLayout jaf = new java.awt.FlowLayout();
jsf.setLayout(jaf);
JTextField jst_Name = new JTextField("请输入文件名");
jsf.add(jst_Name);
JTextField jst_Path = new JTextField("请输入路径及文件名");
jsf.add(jst_Path);
JButton jsb_Sa = new JButton("保存");
jsf.add(jsb_Sa);
JButton jsb_Op = new JButton("打开");
jsf.add(jsb_Op);
jsf.setVisible(true);
Graphics g = jsf.getGraphics();
DrawListener d = new DrawListener(g,jst_Name,jst_Path);
jsb_Sa.addActionListener(d);
jsb_Op.addActionListener(d);
jsf.addMouseListener(d);
}
}
—DrawListener.java—
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class DrawListener implements MouseListener,ActionListener {
private int count = 0;
PointInfo[] point = new PointInfo[100];
private int x1,x2,y1,y2;
Graphics g;
String Bt;
private JTextField TxN;
private JTextField TxP;
public DrawListener(Graphics g,JTextField t1,JTextField t2) {
this.g = g;
TxN = t1;
TxP = t2;
}
public void WriteFile() throws IOException {
if (Bt.equals("保存")) {
String fileName = TxN.getText();
File f = new File("D://" + fileName + ".ant");//后面的点后的即为文件格式，可以随意设置
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(f);
DataOutputStream dOut = new DataOutputStream(out);
for (int i = 0; i < point.length; i++) {
//将个坐标的位置存入，用'|'隔开
dOut.writeChar('|'); //写一个斜杠
dOut.writeInt(point[i].x1); //写x1的坐标
dOut.writeChar('|');
dOut.writeInt(point[i].y1);
dOut.writeChar('|');
dOut.writeInt(point[i].x2);
dOut.writeChar('|');
dOut.writeInt(point[i].y2);
out.flush();
dOut.flush();
}
out.close();
dOut.close();
}
}
public void ReadFile() throws IOException {
if (Bt.equals("打开")) {
count = 0 ;
String filePath = TxP.getText();
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(filePath);
DataInputStream dIn = new DataInputStream(in);
while (true) {
// dIn.readChar();
if (dIn.readChar() == -1) {
System.out.println("读取完毕");
break;
}
int x1 = dIn.readInt();
dIn.readChar();
int y1 = dIn.readInt();
dIn.readChar();
int x2 = dIn.readInt();
dIn.readChar();
int y2 = dIn.readInt();
PointInfo p =new PointInfo(x1, y1, x2, y2);
p.draw(g);
}
in.close();
dIn.close();
// System.out.println(a);
// dIn.
}
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Bt = e.getActionCommand();
try {
ReadFile();
} catch (IOException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
}
try {
WriteFile();
} catch (IOException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
x1=e.getX();
y1=e.getY();
}
@Override
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
x2=e.getX();
y2=e.getY();
g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
PointInfo p = new PointInfo(x1, y1, x2, y2);
point[count++] = p;
}
@Override
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
—PointInfo.java—
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class PointInfo {
int x1,y1,x2,y2;
PointInfo(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2){
this.x1=x1;
this.y1=y1;
this.x2=x2;
this.y2=y2;
}
public void draw(Graphics g){
g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
}
}
这样即可实现：在第一个文本框里输入文件名点保存，指定路径便会出点指定文件：
在第二个文本框点输入路径及文件名，点打开即可看到响应图形：
更多图像保存的方法和上面类似，按实际情况稍作更改和设计读写规则即可。
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