Spring Cloud1负载均衡的实现:RestTemplate+Ribbon或者OpenFeign

一. 服务提供方: spring-cloud-order-api项目

1. OrderController

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {

    @Value(("${server.port}"))
    private Integer port;

    @RequestMapping("/findOrderList")
    public String findOrderList() {
        System.out.println("OrderController findOrderList 这就是订单服务端,port " + port);
        System.out.println("OrderController findOrderList 这就是订单服务端,开始查询订单信息集合, 时间: "
                + new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
        return "OrderController findOrderList : this is orderList";
    }
}

2. pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.zsw</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-cloud-order-service</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>spring-cloud-order-service</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
					<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

3. application.yml设置

server:
  port: 8082

4.1 spring-cloud-order-api项目集群部署,测试时启动多个不同端口的项目即可

4.2 启动多个项目

4.3 启动后的日志

二. 准备调用spring-cloud-order-service的项目

1.准备

1.1 添加依赖

		<!-- spring-cloud-ribbon -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
			<version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>

1.2 yml添加配置:

# ribbon配置指定服务提供者的地址
spring-cloud-order-service:
  ribbon:
    listOfServers:
      localhost:8082,localhost:8083

 

2. 直接调用固定ip地址和端口的项目: restTemplate

2.1 测试控制类

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user1")
public class UserController1 {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    @RequestMapping("/findOrderList")
    public String findOrderList() {
        System.out.println("TestController1 findOrderList 调用订单服务查询订单信息集合: "
                + new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));

        String orderList = restTemplate.getForObject("http://127.0.0.1:8082/order/findOrderList", String.class);
        System.out.println("订单服务响应信息: " + orderList);

        return orderList;
    }
}

2.2 结果

3. 通过yml配置多个服务端地址+restTemplate+ribbon实现负载均衡

ribbon完成的工作: 

    1). 获取服务端地址列表;

    2). 通过负载均衡算法完成请求拦截转发;

3.1 测试控制类 

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user2")
public class UserController2 {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
 
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    @Autowired
    private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;

    @RequestMapping("/findOrderList")
    public String findOrderList() {
        System.out.println("TestController2 findOrderList 调用订单服务查询订单信息集合: "
                + new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));

        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancerClient.choose("spring-cloud-order-service");

        String url = String.format("http://%s:%s/order/findOrderList", serviceInstance.getHost(),
                serviceInstance.getPort());
        System.out.println("ribbon - 负载均衡 - url: " + url);

        String orderList = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
        System.out.println("订单服务响应信息: " + orderList);

        return orderList;
    }
}

3.2 结果

 

4. 使用@LoadBalanced改造 3, 实现负载均衡

4.1 测试控制类 

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user3")
public class UserController3 {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    @RequestMapping("/findOrderList")
    public String findOrderList() {
        System.out.println("TestController3 findOrderList 调用订单服务查询订单信息集合: "
                + new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));

        String url = "http://spring-cloud-order-service/order/findOrderList";
        System.out.println("ribbon - 负载均衡 - url: " + url);

        String orderList = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
        System.out.println("订单服务响应信息: " + orderList);

        return orderList;
    }
}

4.2 结果与2.2一致

5. openFeign实现负载均衡

5.1 添加依赖

		<!-- spring-cloud-openfeign -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
			<version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>

5.2 openFeign服务端

@FeignClient("spring-cloud-order-service")
public interface OrderFeignClient {

    @GetMapping("/order/findOrderList")
    String findOrderList();
}

5.3 启动类上加上注解@EnableFeignClients

5.4 测试控制类

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user4")
public class UserController4 {
    @Autowired
    private OrderFeignClient orderFeignClient;

    @RequestMapping("/findOrderList")
    public String findOrderList() {
        System.out.println("TestController4 findOrderList 调用订单服务查询订单信息集合: "
                + new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));

        String orderList = orderFeignClient.findOrderList();
        System.out.println("订单服务响应信息: " + orderList);
        return orderList;
    }
}

5.5 结果